Abstract: An overbased sulfonate modified lithium carboxylate grease composition and method of manufacture comprising overbased calcium sulfonate, overbased magnesium sulfonate, or both added to a source of lithium hydroxide, base oil, and optionally one or more acids when a complex grease is desired. When overbased sulfonate is added, the amount of dicarboxylic acid relative monocarboxylic acid may be reduced. Additionally, the amount of lithium hydroxide added may be less than stoichiometrically needed to react with the acids. A sulfonate modified lithium grease with improved thickener yield and dropping point may be made without multiple heating and cooling cycles or using a pressurized kettle.

Abstract: An overbased calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition and method of manufacture comprising both overbased calcium sulfonate and overbased magnesium sulfonate in a ratio range of 60:40 to 100:1. The grease is made according to any known method for making an overbased calcium sulfonate grease by using the overbased magnesium sulfonate in addition to the overbased calcium sulfonate. A portion of the magnesium sulfonate may be added prior to conversion and another portion after conversion, with or without one or more delay periods between the addition of water or other reactive ingredient and the addition of magnesium sulfonate. The grease can be made using calcium hydroxyapatite and/or added calcium carbonate as calcium containing bases for reacting with complexing acids, a non-aqueous converting agent delay method, added alkali metal hydroxide, or any combination thereof. The grease has a high dropping point and reduced thickener yield.

Abstract: An overbased calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition and method of making such grease without using any conventional non-aqueous converting agents, such as hexylene glycol, as a pre-conversion ingredient. The addition of magnesium sulfonate as an ingredient prior to conversion appears to act as a new, non-conventional converting agent, resulting in greases with improved thickener yield and excellent dropping point.

Abstract: A method of making an overbased calcium sulfonate or calcium magnesium sulfonate grease using one or more delay periods between the addition of at least a portion of a facilitating acid, such as DDBSA, and at least a portion of the next subsequently added ingredient. The delay period may be a temperature adjustment delay or a holding delay period. An overbased calcium sulfonate or calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition comprises 0.5%-5% of a facilitating acid, allows for a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate below 22%, and allows for a reduced amount of calcium hydroxyapatite to provide 10-25% of hydroxide equivalent basicity of the total hydroxide equivalent basicity due to calcium hydroxyapatite and added calcium hydroxide, while maintaining a high dropping point.

Abstract: A composition and method of making hydraulic fluids and lubricants using biodiesel as a blending component or base oil. Preferably around 0.1 to 45% of biodiesel is used as a blending component in a hydraulic fluid or as a base oil or additive in a lubricant. The use of biodiesel has environmental and cost advantages over other blending components or base oils. Lubricants and hydraulic fluids having ISO viscosity grades as low as 22 and 32 may be achieved by the use of biodiesel, while still meeting applicable standards for environmental acceptability.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxyapatite, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate either before or after conversion, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxyapatite, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate either before or after conversion, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxyapatite, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate either before or after conversion, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an overbased calcium sulfonate grease comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, water and at least one non-aqueous converting agent, where at least a portion of the non-aqueous converting agent is added after one or more delay periods relative to the addition of the water. A delay period may involve the period of time it takes to adjust the temperature of the mixture, a period of time during which the mixture is held at a temperature or within a range of temperatures, and multiples and any combination thereof. These calcium sulfonate greases have improved thickener yield and high dropping points compared to greases of substantially similar composition made without a delay between the additions of water and a non-aqueous converting agent, particularly when a poor quality overbased calcium sulfonate is used.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, added calcium carbonate, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. The calcium carbonate may be used to react with complexing acids when making a complex grease, such that the addition of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is not required. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the overbased calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxyapatite, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate either before or after conversion, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, added calcium carbonate, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. The calcium carbonate may be used to react with complexing acids when making a complex grease, such that the addition of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is not required. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the overbased calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: There are provided a process for preparing a suspension of elemental sulfur in a fluid, a process for preparing a sulfurized cutting fluid, and products that are obtained from the processes. A high-shearing mechanical device is employed in either process to transform an unfinished suspension of sulfur in a fluid into a stable suspension of finely-divided sulfur.