Abstract: The system and method relate to detection of objects that are submerged, or partially submerged (e. g. floating), relative to a water surface. One aspect of the invention emits LIDAR fan-beam pulses and analyzes return-pulse portions to determine water-surface orientations and derive submerged-object images corrected for refractive distortion. Another defines simulated images of submerged objects as seen through waves in a water surface, prepares an algorithm for applying a three-dimensional image of the water surface in refractive correction of LIDAR imaging through waves—and also models application of the algorithm to the images, and finally specifies the LIDAR-system optics. Yet another emits nearly horizontal pulses to illuminate small exposed objects at tens of kilometers, detects reflected portions and images successive such portions with a streak-tube subsystem. Still others make special provisions for airborne objects.

Abstract: An engine management system for an internal combustion engine, which has at least one cylinder pressure sensor and at least one engine actuator, includes a data processor arranged to receive and process cylinder pressure data from the cylinder pressure sensor and the actuator controller arranged to control the actuator to optimize engine performance based on the processed data, in which the cylinder pressure data is obtained during a performance optimized engine cycle or cycles. The processor processes the data to construct a cylinder pressure variation function for the engine cycle or cycles and derive control data therefrom for the actuator controller.