Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transcriptionally modulating the expression of a gene-of-interest. The method comprises contacting a cell which is capable of expressing the gene with an amount of a molecule effective to transcriptionally modulate expression of the gene and thereby affect the level of the protein encoded by the gene which is expressed by the cell. Molecules useful in the practice of the invention are characterized as follows (a) do not naturally occur in the cell, (b) bind to DNA or RNA or bind to a protein through a domain of such protein which is not a ligand binding domain of a receptor which naturally occurs in the cell. Additionally, this invention provides a method for determining whether a molecule known to be a modulator of protein biosynthesis is capable of transcriptionally modulating expression of a gene-of-interest.

Abstract: Systems, including methods, apparatus, compositions, and kits, for performing assays with primary cells.

Abstract: The subject matter relates to an applicator for applying matter to be applied, such as vaccine, to animals. The applicator includes an applicator head which incorporates a chamber and needle. The needle is at least partially surrounded by a generally elongate proboscis or cover which is capable of axial movement over and relative to the needle. A reservoir for matter to be applied or vaccine, is provided and is attached to the applicator head. Valving connects the chamber with the needle and also connects the reservoir with the chamber. Predetermined axial movement of the proboscis or cover relative to the needle opens the valving between the needle and chamber and allows matter within the chamber, such as vaccine, to be passed from the chamber through the needle. The chamber is provided with a movable wall and actuating means connected to a trigger.