Abstract: The invention features a reinforcement element including a continuous paper strip having a first side and a second side, a first adhesive composition disposed on at least one of the first side and second side. The invention further features a paper reinforced tape including a continuous paper strip, a continuous paper backing layer and a first adhesive composition disposed between the continuous paper strip and the continuous paper backing layer thereby adhering the continuous paper strip to the continuous paper backing layer. The paper reinforced tapes and reinforcement elements of this invention have improved repulpability, recyclability, compostability and biodegradability. Further, these reinforcement elements and paper reinforced tapes, despite being predominately paper, unexpectedly provide excellent container reinforcement properties and further can be used as opening tapes, closing tapes and carrying handles.

Abstract: The paper reinforced tapes and reinforcement elements of this invention have improved repulpability, recyclability, compostability and biodegradability. Further, these reinforcement elements and paper reinforced tapes, despite being predominately paper, unexpectedly provide excellent container reinforcement properties and further can be used as opening tapes, closing tapes, tear tapes and carrying handles.

Abstract: Distillation trays having improved efficiency and capacity are described. The improvement is accomplished with unique downcomer spout arrangements and bubble promoters which provide equal liquid distribution to all areas of the tray. The ratio of the open area of a contacting zone including part of a bubble promoter and associated deck zone over the open area of the downcomer spout zone on the adjacent tray for distributing liquid to the zone is essentially the same across the tray.

Abstract: Trays having increased capacity and efficiency are described. The trays have a deck, and downcomers extending through the deck. There are a plurality of bubble promoters on the deck. Each bubble promoter defines a zone on the deck, and the zone has an opening in the deck. The opening is positioned adjacent to a solid support for the tray. The bubble promoters provide areas through which vapor can pass, turning blocked areas of the tray into active areas. Mass transfer columns containing the trays are also described.

Abstract: Distillation trays having improved efficiency and capacity are described. The improvement is accomplished with unique downcomer spout arrangements and bubble promoters which provide equal liquid distribution to all areas of the tray. The ratio of the open area of a contacting zone including part of a bubble promoter and associated deck zone over the open area of the downcomer spout zone on the adjacent tray for distributing liquid to the zone is essentially the same across the tray.

Abstract: Novel cell penetrating agents for intracellular delivery of desired cargo, including proteins. Use of cell penetrating agents to deliver cargos to the interior of cells and cellular compartments and organelles is transformative for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research processes.

Abstract: Trays having increased capacity and efficiency are described. The trays have a deck, and downcomers extending through the deck. There are a plurality of bubble promoters on the deck. Each bubble promoter defines a zone on the deck, and the zone has an opening in the deck. The opening is positioned adjacent to a solid support for the tray. The bubble promoters provide areas through which vapor can passing, turning blocked areas of the tray into active areas. Mass transfer columns containing the trays are also described.

Abstract: The invention features a reinforcement element including a continuous paper strip having a first side and a second side, a first adhesive composition disposed on at least one of the first side and second side. The invention further features a paper reinforced tape including a continuous paper strip, a continuous paper backing layer and a first adhesive composition disposed between the continuous paper strip and the continuous paper hacking layer thereby adhering the continuous paper strip to the continuous paper backing layer. The paper reinforced tapes and reinforcement elements of this invention have improved repulpability, recyclability, compostability and biodegradability. Further, these reinforcement elements and paper reinforced tapes, despite being predominately paper, unexpectedly provide excellent container reinforcement properties and further can be used as opening tapes, closing tapes and carrying handles.

Abstract: The invention features a reinforcement element including a continuous paper strip having a first side and a second side, a first adhesive composition disposed on at least one of the first side and second side. The invention further features a paper reinforced tape including a continuous paper strip, a continuous paper backing layer and a first adhesive composition disposed between the continuous paper strip and the continuous paper backing layer thereby adhering the continuous paper strip to the continuous paper backing layer. The paper reinforced tapes and reinforcement elements of this invention have improved repulpability, recyclability, compostability and biodegradability. Further, these reinforcement elements and paper reinforced tapes, despite being predominately paper, unexpectedly provide excellent container reinforcement properties and further can be used as opening tapes, closing tapes and carrying handles.

Abstract: Vertical field effect transistors (FETs) with minimum pitch and methods of manufacture are disclosed. The structure includes at least one vertical fin structure and gate material contacting with the at least one vertical fin structure. The structure further includes metal material in electrical contact with the ends of the at least one vertical fin.

Abstract: Vertical field effect transistors (FETs) with minimum pitch and methods of manufacture are disclosed. The structure includes at least one vertical fin structure and gate material contacting with the at least one vertical fin structure. The structure further includes metal material in electrical contact with the ends of the at least one vertical fin.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a neuromorphic circuit structure including: a first vertically-extending neural node configured to generate an output signal based on at least one input to the first vertically-extending neural node; an interconnect stack adjacent the vertically-extending neural node, the interconnect stack including a first conducting line coupled to the first vertically-extending neural node and configured to receive the output signal, a second conducting line vertically separated from the first conducting line, and a memory via vertically coupling the first conducting line to the second conducting line; and a second vertically-extending neural node adjacent the interconnect stack, and coupled to the second conducting line for receiving the output signal from the first vertically-extending neural node.

Abstract: A vertical transport fin field effect transistor (VTFET) with a smaller cross-sectional area at the top of the fin than at the bottom, including, a substrate, a vertical fin on the substrate, wherein the vertical fin has a cross-sectional area at the base of the vertical fin that is larger than a cross-sectional area at the top of the vertical fin, wherein the cross-sectional area at the top of the vertical fin is in the range of about 10% to about 75% of the cross-sectional area at the base of the vertical fin, and a central gated region between the base and the top of the vertical fin.

Abstract: Vertical field effect transistors (FETs) with minimum pitch and methods of manufacture are disclosed. The structure includes at least one vertical fin structure and gate material contacting with the at least one vertical fin structure. The structure further includes metal material in electrical contact with the ends of the at least one vertical fin.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) printer includes build and support material development stations positioned to transfer layers of build and support materials to an intermediate transfer surface. The intermediate transfer surface transfers a layer of the build and support materials to a platen each time the platen contacts the intermediate transfer surface. A sensor detects the thickness of the layer on the platen, and a mechanical planer is positioned to contact and level the layer on the platen as the platen moves past the mechanical planer. Additionally, a feedback loop is electrically connected to the sensor and the mechanical planer. The mechanical planer adjusts the amount of the build material and the support material removed from the layer based on the thickness of the layer on the platen, as determined by the sensor.

Abstract: A method of forming a via and a wiring structure formed are disclosed. The method may include forming a conductive line in a first dielectric layer; forming a hard mask adjacent to the conductive line after the conductive line forming; forming a second dielectric layer over the hard mask; and forming a via opening to the conductive line in the second dielectric layer. The via opening lands at least partially on the hard mask to self-align the via opening to the conductive line. A via may be formed by filling the via opening with a conductor.

Abstract: Novel cell penetrating agents for intracellular delivery of desired cargo, including proteins. Use of cell penetrating agents to deliver cargos to the interior of cells and cellular compartments and organelles is transformative for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research processes.

Abstract: An apparatus and process doubles the number of trays in a single fractionation column. A dividing wall is used to isolate a first side from a second side and fractionation on trays on each side is independent of the other. A transition vapor stream is ducted from a top of a first side to the bottom of the second side, and a transition liquid stream is ducted from a bottom of the second side to the top of the first side.

Abstract: An apparatus and process doubles the number of trays in a single fractionation column. A dividing wall is used to isolate a first side from a second side and fractionation on trays on each side is independent of the other. A transition vapor stream is ducted from a top of a first side to the bottom of the second side, and a transition liquid stream is ducted from a bottom of the second side to the top of the first side.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, the SOI substrate comprising a bottom silicon layer, a buried oxide (BOX) layer, and a top silicon layer; a plurality of active devices formed on the top silicon layer; and an isolation region located between two of the active devices, wherein at least two of the plurality of active devices are electrically isolated from each other by the isolation region, and wherein the isolation region extends through the top silicon layer to the BOX layer.