Abstract: Disclosed herein are biosensors, which may be made from cell lysates, purified enzymes, or a combination thereof, for testing for the presence of a pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2. The biosensor may be used in the context of a paper-based test, such as a colorimetric COVID-19 test. Methods of using the biosensor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are biosensors including transcription, translation, and coupled transcription/translation systems. The biosensors may be made from cell lysates, purified enzymes, or a combination thereof. The biosensors may include an inhibitor, and may include a reporter. The biosensor may be supplied in a kit for testing for a disease or condition. Methods of using the biosensor are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure as disclosed in various embodiments is related to a bioassay for rapid screening and detection of bioactive ligands and screening for potential pharmaceuticals. In various embodiments are disclosed cell-free methods, systems, and kits for detecting bioactive ligands such as endocrine disrupting chemicals or nuclear hormone receptor modulators in a biological or environmental sample or for screening compounds for potential pharmaceutical application such as potential nuclear hormone receptor modulator pharmaceuticals.