Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a spacer for an assembly of a backlight of a display. The disclosure additionally relates to an assembly for a backlight of a display having such a spacer, and to a display having a backlight having such an assembly. The spacer comprises at least one crosspiece. The crosspiece in this case has attachment surfaces for attachment of a first light guide and a second light guide and a receptacle for a sheet stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to the actuation of a converter lock-up clutch (44) of a hydrodynamic torque converter (4) in a vehicle drive-train by means of a safety function where, in addition to a driving strategy function, the safety function can actuate the converter lock-up clutch (44) by issuing a clutch actuation command. For this purpose, at least one rotation speed at the torque converter (4) is monitored. If the monitored rotation speed is below a rotation speed threshold, the safety function commands an actuation of the converter lock-up clutch (44) in its opening direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous production of C4-C10 Diols from C3-C9 aldehydes comprising the process steps of: a) base-catalyzed addition of formaldehyde onto C3-C9 aldehydes to obtain the corresponding hydroxyaldehydes and b) subsequent hydrogenation of the hydroxyaldehydes to afford the corresponding diols, wherein the hydrogenation of the hydroxyaldehydes is performed continuously in the liquid phase over a Raney™ cobalt catalyst in the presence of hydrogen without workup of the reaction mixture from the process step a).

Abstract: A process for obtaining product streams enriched with polyol esters from the secondary streams from polyol ester preparation, comprising a) the reaction of polyols of the general formula (II) H—(—O—[—CR1R2—]m—)o—OH??(II) in which R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 1 to 10, o is an integer from 2 to 15, with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atom, with removal of the water formed; b) the removal of unconverted starting compounds from the crude ester formed; c) the treatment of the crude ester obtained in step b) with steam to form a volatile secondary stream; and d) the removal of the volatile secondary stream obtained in step c), characterized in that the volatile secondary stream obtained in step d) is separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and the organic phase removed is subjected to a further treatment with steam and a produ

Abstract: A method for operating a drive train that includes a converter as the start-up element, an automatic transmission, and an output, whereas, after start of the drive unit, the rotational speed of a turbine of the converter is monitored, whereas, if it is determined that, within a defined first time frame after the start of the drive unit, the rotational speed of the turbine reaches or exceeds a first threshold value, a properly filled converter is inferred. If, within the defined first time frame, the rotational speed of the turbine falls short of the first threshold value, an improperly filled converter or a converter that has run empty is inferred.

Abstract: A batchwise process for aftertreatment of polyol esters prepared by reacting polyols of the general formula (II) H—(—O—[—CR1R2—]m—)o—OH??(II) in which R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, or a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the hydroxymethyl radical, m is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8 and especially 1, 2, 3 or 4, o is an integer from 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 8 and especially 2, 3, 4 or 5, with excess linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and having a lower boiling point than the polyols used.

Abstract: A method is provided for the operation of an assembly of a vehicle, whereas the assembly is transferable from an unactuated position into an actuated position by a pressure medium-actuated actuator if two redundant pressure medium valves both occupy a pressure supply position. For the functional test of one of the valves, a first valve is controlled to occupy the pressure supply position, and the second valve is controlled so as not to occupy the pressure supply position. If, upon this control of the two valves at the pressure medium-actuated actuator or at the assembly to be operated by the pressure medium-actuated actuator, no reaction is detected, there is a correct operation at a proper second valve. If, despite this control of the two valves, at the pressure medium-actuated actuator or at the assembly to be operated by the pressure medium-actuated actuator, a reaction is detected, there is an improper operation at a defective second pressure medium valve.

Abstract: A process for obtaining product streams enriched with polyol esters from the secondary streams from polyol ester preparation, comprising a) the reaction of polyols of the general formula (II) H—(—O—[—CR1R2—]m—)o—OH??(II) in which R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 1 to 10, o is an integer from 2 to 15, with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atom, with removal of the water formed; b) the removal of unconverted starting compounds from the crude ester formed; c) the treatment of the crude ester obtained in step b) with steam to form a volatile secondary stream; and d) the removal of the volatile secondary stream obtained in step c), characterized in that the volatile secondary stream obtained in step d) is separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and the organic phase removed is subjected to a further treatment with steam and

Abstract: A batchwise process for aftertreatment of polyol esters prepared by reacting polyols of the general formula (II) H—(—O—[—CR1R2—]m—)o—OH ??(II) in which R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, or a hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably the hydroxymethyl radical, m is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8 and especially 1, 2, 3 or 4, o is an integer from 2 to 15, preferably 2 to 8 and especially 2, 3, 4 or 5, with excess linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and having a lower boiling point than the polyols used.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is characterized in that a mixture of the starting compounds is allowed to react in the presence of a Lewis acid containing at least one element of groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements as a catalyst and in the presence of an adsorbent with removal of the water formed, and then the crude ester obtained is aftertreated by adding a further adsorbent which is an acidic activated carbon having a pH of 1 to 6.5.

Abstract: A method of determining a fill current value of a converter lock-up clutch of an automatic transmission. The automatic transmission comprises a hydrodynamic converter, at which a speed ratio arises, and an output shaft. In a control sequence with the output shaft being stationary, the speed ratio is influenced by changing the control current, and the fill current value is determined from the progression of the speed ratio arising, during the control sequence, in conjunction with the progression of the control current.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is characterized in that a mixture of the starting compounds is allowed to react in the presence of a Lewis acid containing at least one element of groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements as a catalyst and in the presence of an adsorbent with removal of the water formed, and then the crude ester obtained is aftertreated by adding a further adsorbent which is an acidic activated carbon having a pH of 1 to 6.5.

Abstract: A method for detecting a malfunctioning shift element in an automatic transmission is provided. The method includes operating the automatic transmission in an intermediate gear. A selected shift element of the automatic transmission is commanded to a disengaged configuration in the intermediate gear. The method also includes measuring a gear ratio of the automatic transmission while the automatic transmission is operating in the intermediate gear, and determining whether the selected shift element of the automatic transmission is malfunctioning based at least in part on the gear ratio of the automatic transmission in the intermediate gear.

Abstract: A method for detecting a malfunctioning shift element in an automatic transmission is provided. The method includes operating the automatic transmission in an intermediate gear. A selected shift element of the automatic transmission is commanded to a disengaged configuration in the intermediate gear. The method also includes measuring a gear ratio of the automatic transmission while the automatic transmission is operating in the intermediate gear, and determining whether the selected shift element of the automatic transmission is malfunctioning based at least in part on the gear ratio of the automatic transmission in the intermediate gear.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is characterized in that a mixture of the starting compounds is allowed to react in the presence of a Lewis acid containing at least one element of groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements as a catalyst and in the presence of an adsorbent with removal of the water formed, and then the crude ester obtained is aftertreated by adding a further adsorbent which is an acidic activated carbon having a pH of 1 to 6.5.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is characterized in that a mixture of the starting compounds is allowed to react in the presence of a Lewis acid containing at least one element of groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements as a catalyst and in the presence of an adsorbent with removal of the water formed, and then the crude ester obtained is aftertreated by adding a further adsorbent which is an acidic activated carbon having a pH of 1 to 6.5.

Abstract: A method for terminating a gearshift for an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle is provided, wherein a positive-locking shifting element is involved. After the initiation of the gearshift, there is an evaluation of the continuous signals of at least one control unit of the vehicle, which affect the engine torque and thus the turbine speed gradient. Based on the evaluation of the signals, an upcoming change to the turbine speed gradient that exceeds a first predetermined threshold value or falls short of a second predetermined threshold value is detected, and, upon such detection, the gearshift is terminated.

Abstract: Method for operating a drive train, which includes a drive unit (1), a converter (5) as the start-up element, an automatic transmission (2) and an output (3), whereas, after the start of the drive unit (1), the rotational speed of a turbine (7) of the converter (5) is monitored, whereas, if it is thereby determined that, within a defined first time frame after the start of the drive unit (1), the rotational speed of the turbine (7) of the converter (5) reaches or exceeds a first threshold value, a properly filled converter (5) is inferred, whereas, if, within the defined first time frame after the start of the drive unit (1), the rotational speed of the turbine (7) of the converter (5) does not reach or exceed a first threshold value, an improperly filled converter (5) or a converter that has run empty (5) is inferred.

Abstract: An adjusting drive for adjusting a first structural component part relative to a second structural component part has a linear drive and a piston-cylinder unit connected in parallel with the linear drive for drive purposes. A control is provided for controlling the adjusting speed of the adjusting drive depending upon the adjusting path.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 4 to 11 carbon atoms from the distillation residue obtained in the oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde by means of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures in the presence of alkali metal carboxylates or alkaline earth metal carboxylates to form the corresponding monocarboxylic acid and subsequent distillation, characterized in that the distillation residue is reacted with an aqueous acid in a tube reactor and the two-phase mixture flowing out from the tube reactor is introduced into a settling vessel in which the organic phase which separates out has a pH of 4.5 or less.