Abstract: A method of estimating a boost pressure of a turbocharger is disclosed. A throttle body temperature is estimated as a function of engine operating parameters. An intake air mass flow and an exhaust mass flow are estimated as a function of the throttle body temperature. A turbine inlet pressure and a turbine outlet pressure are estimated as a function of engine operating parameters. A turbine speed is estimated as a function of the intake air mass flow, exhaust mass flow and turbine inlet and outlet pressure. The boost pressure is estimated as a function of the turbine speed. Estimation of the maximum boost pressure of a turbocharged internal combustion engine is performed method cyclically as follows: estimating a throttle temperature, estimating an air mass flow and an exhaust mass flow, estimating a turbine inlet pressure and a turbine outlet pressure, estimating a turbine speed, and estimating the maximum boost pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rolling compound powders comprising hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated isomaltulose for applying to the surface of chewing gum core materials, chewing gum products comprising such rolling compound powders, processes for reducing the stickiness of compositions of chewing gum core materials by using hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated isomaltulose-containing rolling compound powders in chewing gum preparation processes as well as the use of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated isomaltulose in rolling compound powders for applying to the surface of chewing gum core materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car having a turbocharger with a compressor and a turbine. The method includes determining a change quantity of a gas flow quantity of a gas flow through the internal combustion engine and regulating the compressor based on this change quantity.

Abstract: The invention concerns a crystalline isomaltulose product having improved flow properties as bulk product and no tendency toward long-time compaction, method for production of this product as well as a new use of isomaltulose.

Abstract: The invention concerns a crystalline isomaltulose product having improved flow properties as bulk product and no tendency toward long-time compaction, method for production of this product as well as a new use of isomaltulose.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an improved marking fluid that contains a sugar and/or a sugar alcohol, as well as methods for their manufacture.