Abstract: The invention relates to an electric arc furnace and a method for operating same. The electric arc furnace comprises a lower vessel and a lid 120 placed on said lower vessel. The lower vessel has a tapping device for tapping molten metal. At least one electrode protrudes through the lid into the interior of the electric arc furnace, said electrode being held by an electrode holding device. A supply voltage device 150 is provided for supplying an electric direct current or alternating current to the electrode 130. The aim of the invention is to allow a continuous operation of the electric arc furnace. This is achieved in that the electrode holding device has an electrode adjusting device for adjusting the electrode dependent on the wear of the electrode and an electrode nippling device for nippling the electrode during the operation of the electric arc furnace.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for extracting a metal from a slag containing said metal, wherein the liquefied metal-containing slag is heated in at least one electric arc furnace (1, 2). In order provide an improved method for recovering especially copper from slags, the invention provides that the metal-containing slag is heated in a first furnace (1) constructed as an AC electric furnace or a DC electric furnace, and the melt is introduced from the first furnace (1) into a second furnace (2) which is constructed as a DC electric furnace. Further, the invention is directed to an arrangement for extracting a metal from a slag containing said metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric arc furnace and a method for operating same. The electric arc furnace comprises a lower vessel and a lid 120 placed on said lower vessel. The lower vessel has a tapping device for tapping molten metal. At least one electrode protrudes through the lid into the interior of the electric arc furnace, said electrode being held by an electrode holding device. A supply voltage device 150 is provided for supplying an electric direct current or alternating current to the electrode 130. The aim of the invention is to allow a continuous operation of the electric arc furnace. This is achieved in that the electrode holding device has an electrode adjusting device for adjusting the electrode dependent on the wear of the electrode and an electrode nippling device for nippling the electrode during the operation of the electric arc furnace.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the continuous or discontinuous extraction of a metal or several metals from a slag that contains the metal or a compound of the metal, in which the liquefied metal-containing slag is heated in a primary or secondary smelting unit (1). To provide an improved method for extracting metals, especially copper, from slags, the invention provides that the metal-containing slag is heated in a primary or secondary smelting unit (1) designed as an alternating-current electric furnace, and the molten material is then fed from the primary or secondary smelting unit (1) into a furnace (2) designed as a direct-current electric furnace, in which the metal to be extracted is subjected to an electrolytic separation, where a reducing agent in the form of calcium silicide (CaSi), calcium carbide (CaC2), ferrosilicon (FeO), aluminum (Al), and/or reducing gases is added and/or injected into the primary or secondary smelting unit (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a tapping channel (1) for a metallurgical furnace, particularly for an electro-reducing furnace, comprised of at least one tapping brick (10, 11, 12) and of a cooling device in the vicinity of the tapping channel (1). The cooling device is provided in the form of a sleeve (14), which indirectly cools a tapping brick (2) and which at least partially surrounds the furnace wall (3) in the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing and/or refining a metal-containing slag. The aim of the invention is to improve reduction of the slag. For this purpose, calcium carbide (CaC2) is added to the slag as the reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tapping channel (1) for a metallurgical furnace, particularly for an electro-reducing furnace, comprised of at least one tapping brick (10, 11, 12) and of a cooling device in the vicinity of the tapping channel (1). The cooling device is provided in the form of a sleeve (14), which indirectly cools a tapping brick (2) and which at least partially surrounds the furnace wall (3) in the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the continuous or discontinuous extraction of a metal or several metals from a slag that contains the metal or a compound of the metal, in which the liquefied metal-containing slag is heated in a primary or secondary smelting unit (1). To provide an improved method for extracting metals, especially copper, from slags, the invention provides that the metal-containing slag is heated in a primary or secondary smelting unit (1) designed as an alternating-current electric furnace, and the molten material is then fed from the primary or secondary smelting unit (1) into a furnace (2) designed as a direct-current electric furnace, in which the metal to be extracted is subjected to an electrolytic separation, where a reducing agent in the form of calcium silicide (CaSi), calcium carbide (CaC2), ferrosilicon (FeO), aluminum (Al), and/or reducing gases is added and/or injected into the primary or secondary smelting unit (1).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for extracting a metal from a slag containing said metal, wherein the liquefied metal-containing slag is heated in at least one electric arc furnace (1, 2). In order provide an improved method for recovering especially copper from slags, the invention provides that the metal-containing slag is heated in a first furnace (1) constructed as an AC electric furnace or a DC electric furnace, and the melt is introduced from the first furnace (1) into a second furnace (2) which is constructed as a DC electric furnace. Further, the invention is directed to an arrangement for extracting a metal from a slag containing said metal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a control device for AC reduction furnaces (15) with electrodes (14) having a transformer (11) and a regulating system (1) for the controlled introduction of energy into the AC reduction furnaces (15) which controls an adjusting device (17) for the electrodes (14). The control device further has controllable power-electronics AC switches (13) which are connected in the high-current conductors on the secondary side and are connected to the regulating system (1) by an ignition line (16) for supplying controlling ignition pulses. The control device is constructed in such a way that brief fluctuations in the electric parameters are compensated only by the AC switches (13).

Abstract: A cooling system for an internal combustion engine with at least two cylinder rows, in particular for a V-engine for a motor vehicle, has a coolant radiator and a thermostat valve for controlling a flow of coolant from coolant outlets of the cylinder rows, through or bypassing the coolant radiator, and back to the coolant inlets of the cylinder rows. The coolant outlet of one of the cylinder rows is directly connected with an inlet of the coolant radiator, and the coolant outlet of another cylinder row is directly connected with a bypass inlet of the thermostat valve. A bi-directional intermediate line is arranged between the bypass inlet of the thermostat valve and the inlet of the coolant radiator.

Abstract: Magnetic field gradients are used e.g., for potential-free current measurement without voluminous ferrite cores to minimize the influence of homogenous external interference fields on the measurement. So far, they have been provided mainly through U-shaped primary current conductors. The aim is to make it unnecessary to guide high currents through U-shaped current conductors, and to provide a device and a method for creating one or more magnetic field gradients through a straight conductor. To this end, a primary current conductor which is straight at the point where the magnetic field is measured has a recess or groove or slot for creating a magnetic field gradient. Inside or in the area surrounding this recess, the field lines take a course that enables one or more gradiometers to be positioned so that the influences of especially homogenous interference fields on the measurements are successfully minimized using simple mathematical methods such as subtraction.

Abstract: An improved unified cooling system for an internal combustion engine that generally includes a cylinder head and a cylinder block, in which the cylinder head and cylinder block are maintained at different operating temperatures despite using only a single coolant pump. The coolant pump pumps fresh coolant through the cylinder head and cylinder block. Coolant valves, which may be thermostatic valves or electrically actuable proportional valves, lie downstream of the cylinder head and cylinder block and individually control the amount of coolant flowing through the cylinder head and cylinder block so as to maintain a lower operating temperature for the cylinder head than for the cylinder block. Coolant is directed, in various configurations, through any or all of an oil cooler, a heat exchanger for a heater for a vehicle interior, and a coolant radiator, before being directed back to the coolant pump.

Abstract: An improved thermostatic valve has an axially open annular slide and a base plate which together form a gasket seat, and has a restoring spring, which biases the annular slide in the direction toward the base plate. The restoring spring is mounted upon an abutment that is connected to the base plate instead of to the valve housing. The configuration of the claimed invention permits a thermostatic valve that may be assembled and tested prior to installation on an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for evaluating signals while eliminating an interference signal on magnetoresistive sensor elements which is preferably proportional to the zero offset. The sensor elements can form a sensor element array such as a sensor bridge. According to the invention, the direction of magnetization of the sensor elements is modulated or shifted by applying a magnetic pulse field of a modulated or variable direction, and the output signals of the sensor elements or of the sensor element array are fed to a differential amplifier. Due to the modulation or shift of the operating voltage of the sensor bridge, the modulation or shift resulting at the same time as the magnetization of the sensor elements, a signal often arises which includes a direct component that is proportional to the magnetic field to be measured, and has an alternating component that is proportional to the offset voltage of the sensor element array. The latter is minimized by a feedback or is adjusted to zero.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring electric currents in n conductors (n≧2), the measurement of the currents being carried out with (n−1) magnetoresistive sensors. Reliable excess current and/or fault current protection is obtained.

Abstract: Measuring devices for determining magnetic fields to be used in particular for the potential-free measurement of the strength of an electric current which generates such a magnetic field. To obviate the need for an intermediate element specially connected into the relevant current conductor and to allow the measurement device instead to be accommodated in a clamp device which needs only to be slipped over the current conductor, the proposed embodiment has two measuring bridges which are fixed on either side of the current conductor, the staggering of the two bridges is assessed from the current magnetic field via a control circuit.

Abstract: A thermostatic valve having a working element that has a housing and an extendable working piston with a valve disk. A valve seat and a closing spring which loads the valve disk in the direction of the valve seat are provided. A holder constructed as a sheet metal preform stationarily holds the housing of the working element, the holder having a flange. A connection sleeve and a housing part are provided, the flange being clampable between the connection sleeve and the housing part. The holder and the connection sleeve are connected with one another as a transportable constructional unit, the connection sleeve having an interior with at least one abutment for the closing spring. The connection between the holder and the connection sleeve is dimensioned such that the connection has a holding force which exceeds a prestressing force of the closing spring.