Abstract: A chemical cartridge or an oxygen generating breathing apparatus includes an outer canister and an inner canister with an interior space. At least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide that can act as an electrolyte in the presence of moisture and at least one first metallic material are provided in the interior space of the inner canister. At least one second metallic material is provided between the inner canister and the outer canister or is at least partially integrated into the outer canister wall. Between the inner canister including the first metallic material and the outer canister including the second metallic material an ion-permeable material is arranged such that the cartridge generates electrical power when in use by creating a potential between the first metallic material and the second metallic material when the at least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide is contacted by CO2 and moisture.

Abstract: A connection module (10) for installation in a closed breathing circuit of a closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000), includes an inlet port (12), for connection to a first closed circuit element, an outlet port (14), for connection to a second closed circuit element, a maintenance fluid inlet (16), and a maintenance fluid outlet (18). A maintenance device may be provided with the connection module and a controller (30) and control module regulated valves (40). Maintenance fluid is circulated through the closed breathing circuit by the controller and valves in a state in which the connection module (10) is installed in the closed-circuit breathing apparatus.

Abstract: A chemical cartridge or an oxygen generating breathing apparatus includes an outer canister and an inner canister with an interior space. At least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide that can act as an electrolyte in the presence of moisture and at least one first metallic material are provided in the interior space of the inner canister. At least one second metallic material is provided between the inner canister and the outer canister or is at least partially integrated into the outer canister wall. Between the inner canister including the first metallic material and the outer canister including the second metallic material an ion-permeable material is arranged such that the cartridge generates electrical power when in use by creating a potential between the first metallic material and the second metallic material when the at least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide is contacted by CO2 and moisture.

Abstract: A component, especially an optical element, has a non-fogging surface. The surface has a honeycomb structure (1) with a plurality of honeycombs (2).

Abstract: A respiration system is provided with a container (1) in which, by an exothermic chemical reaction of a reaction material, CO2 is removed from the respiration air or oxygen is generated, and with an indicator of the consumption of the reaction material. The consumption indicator has a predetermined amount (7) of material which can be melted by the reaction heat of the exothermic chemical reaction. The material is kept in thermal contact with the container interior in such a manner that a measurement of the total reaction heat, and thus the consumption of reactive material, can be read from the degree of melting of the meltable material.

Abstract: A pressurized gas cylinder holder for a respirator includes a holding part (15) and at least one tightening strap for fastening a pressurized gas cylinder to a holding part (15). Pressurized gas cylinders with different external diameters are able to be fastened to the pressurized gas cylinder holder with an identical longitudinal axis. The holding part (15) has at least two support elements (19) as separate components in addition to the rest of the holding part (15) for supporting the pressurized gas cylinder and at least four fixing devices (20) formed on the holding part (15) for the at least two support elements (19). The support elements (19) may be fastened to different fixing devices (20) for adaptation to pressurized gas cylinders (9) with a different external diameter.

Abstract: A component, especially an optical element, has a non-fogging surface. The surface has a honeycomb structure (1) with a plurality of honeycombs (2).

Abstract: A connection module (10) for installation in a closed breathing circuit of a closed-circuit breathing apparatus (1000), includes an inlet port (12), for connection to a first closed circuit element, an outlet port (14), for connection to a second closed circuit element, a maintenance fluid inlet (16), and a maintenance fluid outlet (18). A maintenance device may be provided with the connection module and a controller (30) and control module regulated valves (40). Maintenance fluid is circulated through the closed breathing circuit by the controller and valves in a state in which the connection module (10) is installed in the closed-circuit breathing apparatus.

Abstract: A sorbing granular material (20) is provided including a plurality of particles of granular material (5). The particles of granular material (5) are mixed at least partly with magnetizable particles (10), so that in case of magnetization of the magnetizable particles (10), the particles of granular material (5) form a compacted sorbing granular material (20) based on magnetic attracting forces between the magnetizable particles (10). The compaction is reversible. In addition, a process for producing a sorbing granular material (20) is provided.

Abstract: A gas sensor for detecting combustible gases is provided with a catalytic sensor element. The catalytic sensor element is arranged in a housing (1) surrounding the catalytic sensor element on all sides. The housing has a gas-permeable inlet opening. The gas sensor has electric lines, which are in connection with the sensor element and have terminals located outside of the housing (1). The housing has a gas-permeable inlet opening (2) and a gas-permeable outlet opening (3) and a flow channel (4) connecting the gas-permeable inlet opening (2) and the gas-permeable outlet opening (3). The sensor element is arranged in the flow channel.

Abstract: A process is provided for leak testing in a respirator (10) with overpressure operation. An indicator of a breathing gas consumption is compared with an indicator of an expiration volume and a leak is detected in case of a deviation of the result of the comparison (58) from a desired value. A device is also provided for carrying out the process as well as to a respirator (10) with overpressure operation with such a device.

Abstract: A respiration system is provided with a container (1) in which, by an exothermic chemical reaction of a reaction material, CO2 is removed from the respiration air or oxygen is generated, and with an indicator of the consumption of the reaction material. The consumption indicator has a predetermined amount (7) of material which can be melted by the reaction heat of the exothermic chemical reaction. The material is kept in thermal contact with the container interior in such a manner that a measurement of the total reaction heat, and thus the consumption of reactive material, can be read from the degree of melting of the meltable material.

Abstract: A pressurized gas cylinder holder for a respirator includes a holding part (15) and at least one tightening strap for fastening a pressurized gas cylinder to a holding part (15). Pressurized gas cylinders with different external diameters are able to be fastened to the pressurized gas cylinder holder with an identical longitudinal axis. The holding part (15) has at least two support elements (19) as separate components in addition to the rest of the holding part (15) for supporting the pressurized gas cylinder and at least four fixing devices (20) formed on the holding part (15) for the at least two support elements (19). The support elements (19) may be fastened to different fixing devices (20) for adaptation to pressurized gas cylinders (9) with a different external diameter.

Abstract: A sorbing granular material (20) is provided including a plurality of particles of granular material (5). The particles of granular material (5) are mixed at least partly with magnetizable particles (10), so that in case of magnetization of the magnetizable particles (10), the particles of granular material (5) form a compacted sorbing granular material (20) based on magnetic attracting forces between the magnetizable particles (10). The compaction is reversible. In addition, a process for producing a sorbing granular material (20) is provided.

Abstract: A process is provided for leak testing in a respirator (10) with overpressure operation. An indicator of a breathing gas consumption is compared with an indicator of an expiration volume and a leak is detected in case of a deviation of the result of the comparison (58) from a desired value. A device is also provided for carrying out the process as well as to a respirator (10) with overpressure operation with such a device.

Abstract: A directional valve for a respirator product shall be improved with regard to a low flow resistance. To accomplish the object, two diaphragm-like valve disks (12, 13) abutting against one another at a central line of separation (16) that are attached to the valve housing (11) in a point-like manner and can be moved in a flap-like manner by the breathing gas stream are provided. A central web (19) at the valve housing (11), which runs along the line of separation (16) and support webs (21) additionally arranged on both sides, is used as a valve seat.

Abstract: A method is presented for regenerating oligodendrocytes in diseases such as multiple sclerosis by administering human &bgr; nerve growth factor (NGF-&bgr;) by bolus injection. Treatment comprises 1-10 bolus injections in a dose of 0.05 to 5.0 &mgr;g/kg body at an interval of 1 to 21 days.