Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application relates to a process of making a compound of formula I. and to certain intermediate compounds that are made within the process of making the compound of formula I.

Abstract: In a known component having a reflector layer, the surface of a base body of quartz glass is covered at least in part with a reflector layer. Starting from this, to provide a component, particularly for use in lamp and reflector manufacture, which is equipped with an efficient, chemically and thermally resistant and, nevertheless, inexpensive reflector layer, it is suggested according to the invention that an SiO2 cover layer should be provided which acts as a diffuse reflector and consists of at least partly opaque quartz glass.

Abstract: The invention starts from a known component of quartz glass for use in semiconductor manufacture, which component at least in a near-surface region shows a co-doping of a first dopant and of a second oxidic dopant, said second dopant containing one or more rare-earth metals in a concentration of 0.1-3% by wt. each (based on the total mass of SiO2 and dopant). Starting from this, to provide a quartz glass component for use in semiconductor manufacture in an environment with etching action, which component is distinguished by both high purity and high resistance to dry etching and avoids known drawbacks caused by co-doping with aluminum oxide, it is suggested according to the invention that the first dopant should be nitrogen and that the mean content of metastable hydroxyl groups of the quartz glass is less than 30 wtppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for bonding components made of high silica material by way of integral joining by forming a high-silica bonding mass between connecting surfaces of the components. A method is provided which permits an inexpensive production of a mechanically and thermally stable composite of components made of a high silica material, particularly for large-area bonded connections for which a contact pressure of more than 5 N/cm2 is applied while the connecting surfaces are being fixed, and/or the path length for possible degassing products from the bonded connection is more than 150 mm. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the SiO2 bonding mass is used in dry form either right from the beginning or at least the SiO2 bonding mass is dried on the connecting surfaces before the joining process and the surfaces to be bonded are subsequently brought into contact and a firm composite is created by way of heating with formation of a SiO2 containing bonding mass.

Abstract: In a method of producing a folded honeycomb structure for a sandwich component a sheet-like material is provided. The sheet-like material comprises a softening temperature and is heated to at least the softening temperature in a region about predetermined folding lines. Then, the sheet-like material is folded along the heated region of the folding lines into the folded honeycomb structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic control system for building machinery, particularly for controlling hydraulic consumers of an excavator. According to the invention, pump channels which ensure that the hydraulic consumers are supplied in parallel by means of a spool valve of the main control unit of the piece of building machinery are provided in addition to previously existing pump channels that ensure said hydraulic consumers are serially supplied with hydraulic fluid. The additional pump channels are arranged parallel to the previously existing ones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining the shear sensitivity of particles in solutions and methods of determining the respective shear velocities or the respective shear stress.

Abstract: Quartz glass components for use in semiconductor manufacture are produced by mechanically machining the surface of a quartz glass blank so as to produce an initial average surface roughness Ra,0. The thus machined component surface is then cleaned in an etching solution. The invention relates to the optimisation of particle formation on such components, during the first intended use already. It is proposed to produce an initial average surface roughness Ra,0 of at least 0.2 ?m by mechanical machining, and to adjust etching intensity and duration so that an actual etching depth of at least 10 ?m is achieved. A quartz glass component produced by this process for use in semiconductor manufacture is characterised in that it comprises, before its first intended use, a surface produced by mechanical machining and etching having an etched structure with an average surface roughness Ra,1 ranging from 0.6 ?m to 8 ?m, and in that a weight loss of less than 0.

Abstract: A method is described for controlling a hydraulic system, particularly of mobile working machine, with at least one internal combustion engine driving at least one hydraulic pump with adjustable volumetric displacement and possibly additional fixed-displacement pumps.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application relates to a process of making a compound of formula I. and to certain intermediate compounds that are made within the process of making the compound of formula I.

Abstract: With a hydrostatic multi-motor drive unit with a least two hydraulic motors acting upon a common load, a solution should be created, with which a further operating range is covered by the use of several motors and at the same time a simple as possible and problem free coupling of the motors is assured. Furthermore, a method for controlling the drive unit is indicated, which permits continuous transitions between the different operating ranges. This is achieved in that the motors (2, 3) are connected with each other through at least one freewheel device (4), in which the motor (2) arranged after the freewheel device has a variable displacement volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing a coated component consisting of quartz glass, according to which the component surface is at least partially provided with a SiO2 glass composition that differs from the quartz glass of the base body. The aim of the invention is to provide a novel way of coating a quartz glass component with a SiO2 glass composition that can be produced in a cost-effective, reproducible manner, with any thickness, and can fulfil various functions according to the concrete embodiment thereof. To this end, an amorphous slip containing SiO2 particles is produced and applied to the surface of the base body, forming a slip layer which is dried and then vitrified, forming a SiO2 glass composition. The quartz glass components coated in this way can be advantageously used especially in the production of semiconductors.

Abstract: An ideal quartz glass for a wafer jig for use in an environment having an etching effect is distinguished by both high purity and high resistance to dry etching. To indicate a quartz glass that substantially fulfills these requirements, it is suggested according to the invention that the quartz glass is doped with nitrogen at least in a near-surface area, has a mean content of metastable hydroxyl groups of less than 30 wt ppm and that its fictive temperature is below 1250° C. and its viscosity is at least 1013 dPa·s at a temperature of 1200° C. An economic method for producing such a quartz glass comprises the following method steps: melting an SiO2 raw material to obtain a quartz glass blank, the SiO2 raw material or the quartz glass blank being subjected to a dehydration measure, heating the SiO2 raw material or the quartz glass blank to a nitriding temperature in the range between 1050° C. and 1850° C.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application relates to a process of making a compound of formula I: and to certain intermediate compounds that are made within the process of making the compound of formula I.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application relates to a process of making a compound of formula I. and to certain intermediate compounds that are made within the process of making the compound of formula I.

Abstract: A functional infrastructure for a consumer-commerce interface payment instrumentality comprises: a) a financial institution participant; b) an information technology (IT) participant; and c) a card manufacturer/supplier participant; said IT participant interfacing with said financial institution (a) and said card manufacturer/supplier (c) and providing transaction processing thereby providing consumers with a payment means for use in commerce.

Abstract: Interconnectable panels having tongue-and-groove connections are mechanically connected to each other by first moving two panels into an intermediate position and then pivoting one panel with respect to the other. The underside of the tongue of one panel has a depression, while the groove of another panel has a protruding lower lip. The lower lip has a projection that fits in the depression when the two panels are in the intermediate position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device for controlling machines, especially hydraulic machines, by hand or foot. The inventive device comprises an actuating element (1), especially a pedal or a control lever, which can be moved in several directions. The aim of the invention is to feel a resisting force when the actuating element (1) is displaced or adjusted, whereby said force is on the scale of hydraulic forces having a direct effect. The actuating element (1) engages with a transmitter device (3) which is not hydraulic or is hydraulically decoupled from the hydraulic system. A damping device (6) engages with the actuating element (1). Said damping device defies the movement in at least one direction of motion pertaining to the actuating element (1) by means of a fluid that is moved by the actuating element (1).

Abstract: Producing a local reinforcement in a core structure of a composite sandwich structure involves forming a hole in a cover layer and the core of the sandwich structure, forming a hollow space in the core with a diameter the same as or preferably larger than that of the hole, introducing a spatial bounding device through the hole into the hollow space, seating the spatial bounding device in the hollow space to contact outwardly against parts of the core preferably by outwardly expanding the device, and introducing a filler material into the spatial bounding device. A sandwich structure includes a core between cover layers, and a local reinforcement including a hole in at least one of the cover layers, a space in the core with a larger diameter than the hole, a spiral sleeve in the space, and a filler material inside the spiral sleeve.

Abstract: Producing a composite structure involves providing a core structure having a folded configuration with fold valleys forming open channels extending along the valleys, and then forming a local reinforcement zone in the core structure itself, before applying any cover layer onto the core structure. The method may further involve applying two cover layers on two opposite sides of the core structure to form a composite sandwich structure, after the local reinforcement zone has been formed in the core structure. A core structure preferably has a local reinforcement zone formed by two molded bodies, e.g. of cured synthetic resin or foam, arranged form-fittingly on the opposite sides of the core.