Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a pressure measurement signal in a capacitive pressure measurement cell which comprises a main body and a measurement membrane that is arranged on the front of said main body. Electrodes are arranged on said main body and measurement membrane and form a measurement capacitance in a region of the measurement membrane which has a high degree of pressure sensitivity, and form a reference capacitance in a region of the measurement membrane which has a lower degree of pressure sensitivity, said measurement capacitance and reference capacitance being determined independently of one another, the pressure measurement signal being determined in a first measurement range from the measurement capacitance and the reference capacitance, in accordance with the first evaluation, and said pressure measurement signal being determined in a second measurement range from the reference capacitance in accordance with a second evaluation.

Abstract: The invention is a pressure-measuring cell comprising a measuring cell body, a measuring membrane arranged on the front face of the measuring cell body by means of a joining structure, wherein the measuring cell body and the measuring membrane each have at least one measuring electrode, which electrodes form a measuring capacitor, and at least one support element provided on the measuring membrane and/or the measuring cell body within the joining structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a pressure measurement signal in a capacitive pressure measurement cell which comprises a main body and a measurement membrane that is arranged on the front of said main body. Electrodes are arranged on said main body and measurement membrane and form a measurement capacitance in a region of the measurement membrane which has a high degree of pressure sensitivity, and form a reference capacitance in a region of the measurement membrane which has a lower degree of pressure sensitivity, said measurement capacitance and reference capacitance being determined independently of one another, the pressure measurement signal being determined in a first measurement range from the measurement capacitance and the reference capacitance, in accordance with the first evaluation, and said pressure measurement signal being determined in a second measurement range from the reference capacitance in accordance with a second evaluation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a capacitive pressure transducer for measuring the pressure of a medium adjacent to the pressure transducer, which has a resilient measuring diaphragm, of which the first side is at least partially in contact with the medium and of which the second side, which faces away from the medium, comprises a measuring electrode and, for measuring a temperature, a resistance element made of a material having a temperature dependent resistance. Furthermore, the pressure transducer has a base body, which is arranged to oppose the second side of the measuring diaphragm, with a counter electrode, which forms a measuring capacitance with the measuring electrode. According to the invention, the resistance element is formed as a resistive layer disposed between the second side of the measuring diaphragm and the measuring electrode.

Abstract: The invention is a pressure-measuring cell comprising a measuring cell body, a measuring membrane arranged on the front face of the measuring cell body by means of a joining structure, wherein the measuring cell body and the measuring membrane each have at least one measuring electrode, which electrodes form a measuring capacitor, and at least one support element provided on the measuring membrane and/or the measuring cell body within the joining structure.

Abstract: The invention relates a capacitive pressure transducer for measuring the pressure of a medium adjacent to the pressure transducer, which has a resilient measuring diaphragm, of which the first side is at least partially in contact with the medium and of which the second side, which faces away from the medium, comprises a measuring electrode and, for measuring the temperature, a resistance element made of a material having a temperature dependent resistance. Furthermore, the pressure transducer has a base body, which is arranged opposite the second side of the measuring diaphragm, with a counter electrode, which forms a measuring capacitance with the measuring electrode. According to the invention, the resistance element is formed as a resistive layer between the second side of the measuring diaphragm and the measuring electrode.

Abstract: The invention is for a method and apparatus for a pressure measuring cell for measuring a metered pressure, with a base body having at least one base body electrode and with a membrane body connected to the base body to form a sensor chamber, which has at least one membrane electrode and can be subjected to the pressure of a medium that is below the measurement pressure, wherein both the wall of the sensor chamber that is formed by the base body and the wall of the sensor chamber that is formed by the membrane body is covered with a protective layer; according to the invention, the protective layer is fashioned as a glass layer.

Abstract: The invention is for a method and apparatus for a pressure measuring cell for measuring a metered pressure, with a base body having at least one base body electrode and with a membrane body connected to the base body to form a sensor chamber, which has at least one membrane electrode and can be subjected to the pressure of a medium that is below the measurement pressure, wherein both the wall of the sensor chamber that is formed by the base body and the wall of the sensor chamber that is formed by the membrane body is covered with a protective layer; according to the invention, the protective layer is fashioned as a glass layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure transmitter for an overload-proof pressure gauge, comprising a base body, a separating membrane disposed on a pressure-sensitive side of the pressure transmitter and subjectable to a pressure to be measured, a communicating chamber located inside said base body, which receives a pressure transmission medium, said chamber being closed on the pressure-sensitive side by the separating membrane, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pressure transmission medium is established in such a way that a temperature-induced change in the volume of the communicating chamber equals a temperature-induced change in the volume of the pressure transmission medium.

Abstract: The invention is relative to pressure averagers (1), especially flange pressure averagers, with a base body (10) and a separating membrane (5) that is fastened to a side (14) of the base body (10) in a fastening area (6) for the separating membrane (5) and that can be loaded from the outside with a pressure. At least one recess (9) is advantageously formed in the base body (10) on the side of the fastening area (6) of the separating membrane (5), wherein at least one recess (9) in the base body (10) is dimensioned (t, b) in such a manner that tensions deforming the base body (10) are not transferred or are transferred only in a reduced state onto the fastening area (6). It can also be additionally or alternatively provided that the fastening area (6) for the separating membrane (5) and the separating membrane (5) are arranged in the area of a tension plane (n) of the base body (10) and that an at least reduced tension occurs in the area of the tension plane (n) under the bending tension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure transmitter for an overload-proof pressure gauge, comprising a base body, a separating membrane disposed on a pressure-sensitive side of the pressure transmitter and subjectable to a pressure to be measured, a communicating chamber located inside said base body, which receives a pressure transmission medium, said chamber being closed on the pressure-sensitive side by the separating membrane, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pressure transmission medium is established in such a way that a temperature-induced change in the volume of the communicating chamber equals a temperature-induced change in the volume of the pressure transmission medium.

Abstract: The invention is relative to pressure averagers (1), especially flange pressure averagers, with a base body (10) and a separating membrane (5) that is fastened to a side (14) of the base body (10) in a fastening area (6) for the separating membrane (5) and that can be loaded from the outside with a pressure. At least one recess (9) is advantageously formed in the base body (10) on the side of the fastening area (6) of the separating membrane (5), wherein at least one recess (9) in the base body (10) is dimensioned (t, b) in such a manner that tensions deforming the base body (10) are not transferred or are transferred only in a reduced state onto the fastening area (6). It can also be additionally or alternatively provided that the fastening area (6) for the separating membrane (5) and the separating membrane (5) are arranged in the area of a tension plane (n) of the base body (10) and that an at least reduced tension occurs in the area of the tension plane (n) under the bending tension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure transmitter for an overload-proof pressure gauge, comprising a base body, a separating membrane disposed on a pressure-sensitive side of the pressure transmitter and subjectable to a pressure to be measured, a communicating chamber located inside said base body, which receives a pressure transmission medium, said chamber being closed on the pressure-sensitive side by the separating membrane, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pressure transmission medium is established in such a way that a temperature-induced change in the volume of the communicating chamber equals a temperature-induced change in the volume of the pressure transmission medium.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a pressure sensor for a pressure measuring transducer which contains a base body (3), and a pressure-sensitive measuring membrane (7). The membrane is located on the base body (3) and can be subjected to a measurable pressure. The first chamber (10) is arranged between the base body (3) and the measuring membrane (7) in order to protect the measuring membrane (7) if the pressure to be measured exceeds an upper pressure limit. A second chamber (11) is provided to protect the measuring membrane (7) if the pressure to be measured falls short of a lower pressure limit. The second chamber (11) is arranged between the measuring membrane (7) and a contact plate (5) The contact plate is situated on the side of the measuring membrane (7) opposite the base body (3). A bore (6) is provided for subjecting the measuring membrane (7) to pressure.

Abstract: Planar waveguide film structure for an integrated optical system, composed of: a carrier substrate having a first index of refraction n.sub.s ; a film having a selected thickness D and a second index of refraction n.sub.F greater than the first index of refraction applied onto the substrate for substantially guiding light waves; and a localized optically effective coating applied to the film, the coating having an index of refraction n.sub.A and a thickness d such that the following conditions apply:0.05 D<d<1.00 Dn.sub.S <n.sub.F <n.sub.A.

Abstract: A burner combines air cooling and pulverized coal combustion with air for the combustion of low inflammability coals. A ceramic lining protects the cooled steel mantel of the burner while supplying heat for sustained combustion process. Air preheated in the cooling process is used to preheat the coal and to supply secondary air imparting a helical trajectory to the coal particles close to the ceramic lining. The ceramic lining is formed in situ around the flame chamber from molded plastic ceramic hardened by burner operation.