Abstract: A toothpaste dispensing automatic toothbrush includes a head member mounted atop a body member with a brush head releasably coupled to the head member. A reservoir for containing toothpaste is positioned in the body member along with a pump assembly and first motor. The first motor is connected to a battery and drives the pump assembly when actuated by depression of a first switch whereby to urge toothpaste from the reservoir through a channel and onto bristles of the brush head. The brush head includes a rotor with rotor bristles that is operatively connected to a second motor. The second motor may be energized upon actuation of a second switch to cause movement of the rotor. A recharging base may be included for recharging a rechargeable toothbrush battery.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for high-speed control of lamp intensity and for high-speed optical data communication are disclosed. In particular embodiments, an arc, plasma or halogen lamp is provided with the ability to change wavelengths and/or intensities at high rates (up to 10 gigahertz) by maintaining materials which may be solid or liquid under typical lamp operation or storage conditions in the vapor state. This method and apparatus is particularly applicable to microscopy and high-speed optical data communication, particularly at wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet spectra.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for high-speed control of lamp intensity and for high-speed optical data communication are disclosed. In particular embodiments, an arc, plasma or halogen lamp is provided with the ability to change wavelengths and/or intensities at high rates (up to 10 gigahertz) by maintaining materials which may be solid or liquid under typical lamp operation or storage conditions in the vapor state. This method and apparatus is particularly applicable to microscopy and high-speed optical data communication, particularly at wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet spectra.

Abstract: The concentration of at least one luminescence-affecting chemical species in at least one location in a sample capable of emitting luminescent radiation can be determined using multiple luminescent emission ratio photometry and multiple luminescent emission ratio imaging. An apparatus and method for conducting multiple luminescent emission ratio photometry and imaging is provided.