Abstract: A method of forming a pixel for a liquid crystal display includes forming a pixel electrode on a substrate, depositing a continuous three layer amorphous silicon alloy structure with an intrinsic layer between two n-doped layers, depositing an opaque metal layer over the semiconductor layers and etching the top metal layer and semiconductor layers to form continuous address lines with underlying semiconductor layers and a bidirectional threshold element connected between each electrode and an adjacent overlying address line. A metal pad positioned on each electrode provides for improved conductivity with each adjacent threshold element. The threshold elements have a threshold settable by directing light through each pad, provided the pads are at least partly transmissive. A symmetrical bilateral threshold element is formed of first and second series coupled threshold elements.

Abstract: A semiconductor switch having symmetrical, nonlinear current-voltage characteristics has a threshold value which is programmed using a light beam after assembly of the switch. The switch preferably comprises an n.sup.+ -i-n.sup.+ device where the intrinsic material is an amorphous semiconductor alloy such as amorphous, hydrogenated or fluorinated silicon having a density and energy distribution of localized defect states in the band gap thereof forming deep traps which affect the threshold value. The highly doped n.sup.+ layers function to inject electrons into the intrinsic material and block the migration of holes. The device exhibits space charge limited current conduction and thus, increased nonlinearity under AC excitation. The switch may be employed in addressing display elements such as liquid crystal pixels in order to increase the rise time of pixel response and isolate the pixels from cross-talk, noise or other spurious signals. The n.sup.+ -i-n.sup.