Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure provides GlcNAc-Asn analogs of the formula (I): wherein the variables are as defined herein. In another aspect, the present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds disclosed herein. Additionally, the present disclosure also provides methods of treating cancer comprising inhibiting NGLY1.

Abstract: Laser for thermal shrinkage of soft tissue of uvula, soft palate, nasal turbinate or tongue base for the treatment of snoring, nasal obstruction or sleep apnea are disclosed. The preferred laser includes infrared laser about 0.7 to 1.85 micron, pulse duration about 100 microsecond to 5 seconds, spot size of about 2 to 5 mm and power of about 2 to 20 W at the treated area. The laser energy is delivered to the treated area by an optical fiber and a hand piece to cause a localized temperature about 65 to 85 degree Celsius for sufficient shrinkage of the treated soft tissues. Optical fiber bundles to produce high-power diode laser output or multi-wavelength are also disclosed.

Abstract: Surgical method and apparatus for presbyopia correction and glaucoma by laser removal a portion of the sclera and/or ciliary tissue are disclosed. The disclosed preferred embodiments of the system consists of a beam spot controller, an articulated arm and an attached end-piece. The basic laser beam includes UV laser having wavelength ranges of (0.19-0.36) microns, generated from UV excimer lasers of ArF, XeCl or solid state lasers of Nd:YLF, Nd:YAG, Ti:sapphire with harmonic generation using nonlinear crystals. Presbyopia is treated by ablation of the treated surface tissue in predetermined patterns outside the limbus to increase the accommodation of the eye. Glaucoma is treated by decreasing of intra ocular pressure of the laser surgery.

Abstract: Laser and non-laser means to remove a portion of the ciliary body tissue for the treatment of presbyopia and glaucoma are disclosed. Mechanisms based on elasticity increase the sclera-ciliary-body and zonule “complex” is proposed. Total accommodation based a lens relaxation and lanes anterior shift is calculated. The preferred embodiments for the ablation patterns include radial lines, curved lines, ring dots or any non-specific shapes in a symmetric geometry. The surgery apparatus includes lasers in UV (0.19 to 0.35 micron) and IR (2.8 to 3.2) micron, and non-laser device of radio frequency wave, electrode device, bipolar device and plasma-assisted device. Post-operation medication such as pilocarpine (0.5%-5%) or medicines with similar to reduce postoperative regression or enhance the accommodation is presented. A much deeper, about (0.8-1.4) mm, ablation depth supraciliary body is proposed for (50%/-200%) greater accommodation than the prior arts based on superficial scleral ablation or expansion.

Abstract: Systems and surgical techniques for presbyopia correction by laser removal of the sclera tissue are disclosed. The disclosed preferred embodiments of the system consists of a beam spot controller, a fiber delivery unit and a fiber tip. The basic laser including UV lasers and infrared lasers having wavelength ranges of (0.15-0.36) microns and (1.9-3.2) microns and diode lasers of about 0.98, 1.5 and 1.9 microns. Presbyopia is treated by a system which uses an ablative laser to ablate the sclera tissue outside the limbus to increase the accommodation of the ciliary body of the eye. The sclera tissue may be ablated by the laser with or without the conjunctiva layer open.

Abstract: Presbyopia is treated by a method which uses various lasers to remove a portion of the scleral tissue and increase the accommodation of the presbyopic patient's eye. Stable accommodation is achieved by the filling of the sub-conjunctival tissue to the laser-ablated scleral areas. The proposed laser wavelength ranges from ultraviolet to infrared of (0.15-0.36) microns, (0.5-1.4) microns and (0.9-10.6) microns. Both scanning and fiber delivered systems are proposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for presbyopia correction via combination of a surgical and pharmacological means are disclosed. The pharmacological means is to either “trigger” or enhance the contraction effect after a surgical method for larger accommodation and/or for more stable post-surgery results. In addition, the invention discloses that lower dose range is especially useful in providing eye drugs that is low enough to be both safe and effective when used together with the surgical methods. The preferred embodiments for the surgical methods to remove a portion of the sclera tissue include lasers at wavelength of (0 19-0.36) um and (0.9-3.2) um and the non-laser device of radio frequency wave, electrode device, bipolar device and plasma assisted device. The preferred embodiment for pharmacological means includes the use of pilocarpine hydrochloride, phosphorothioate, physostigmine or other beta-adrenergic propanolamines.

Abstract: Presbyopia is treated by a method which uses various lasers to remove a portion of the scleral tissue and increase the accommodation of the presbyopic patient's eye By changing the laser power density, fluency or spot size, a single laser device having dual-function of ablation and coagulation is proposed for minimum bleeding. Fiber-bundle coupled to a single fiber is presented to increase the power density of the laser for efficient tissue ablation New mechanisms of lens curvature change and lens anterior shift are proposed for the total accommodation. The preferred laser wavelength ranges from ultraviolet to infrared including (0.15-0.36) microns, (0.9-1.6) microns, (1.8-2.2) microns and (2.8-3.2) microns Both scanning and fiber delivered systems are proposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating various skin disorders of psoriasis, vitiligo, eczema, dermatitis and acne is presented. An apparatus for the treatment of skin disorders includes a power supply, a light source, a reflecting mirror, a filter, a fiber delivery unit and a hand piece. A spectra selector using a filter or reflecting mirror is used to select a UV spectrum about (270-320) nm or a blue spectra about (405-435) nm which is delivered to the treated skin area by a light guide and a hand piece. A power supply is used to generate pulsed light of about (0.01-500) microseconds and a repetition rate of (1-500) Hz. Adjustable light spot size of 0.5×0.5 cm to 10×10 cm is proposed for efficient treatments of both small and large areas such that only the disordered areas are selectively treated whereas the exposure of the healthy areas is minimized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing vision correction by selecting means of changing the refractive index includes medical, mechanical, optical or chemical method. Detail theoretical calculation with clinical predictions are presented for quantitative index changes required to correct myopia, hyperopia and presbyopia. The key parameters of the radius and thickness of the cornea, lens and indices of the lens, cornea and humor chambers and the effect due aging are proposed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for presbyopia correction are disclosed. The disclosed preferred embodiments of the system consists of a beam spot controller, a beam delivery device, a slit lamp, a visible aiming beam and a selected solid state laser having a wavelength of (0.9-1.4) microns. Presbyopia is treated by the thermal contraction of the human zonnulas with a temperature increase of about (15-50) degree-C generated by the selected lasers. The near infrared laser is focused and delivered by a gonio lens to the target zonnulas area and viewed by a surgeon using a slip lamp. The selected laser having an optimal absorption characteristics is tightly focused such that only the target zonnulas is heated, while the cornea, the lens body and the adjacent areas are not damaged.

Abstract: Presbyopia is treated by a system using various lasers to remove a portion of the scleral tissue and increase the accommodation of the presbyopic patient's eye. Stable accommodation is achieved by the filling of the sub-conjunctiva tissue to the laser-ablated scleral areas. The proposed laser wavelength ranges from ultraviolet to infrared of (0.15-0.36) microns, (0.5-1.4) microns and (0.9-3.2) microns. Both scanning and fiber delivered systems are proposed to generate the ablation patterns. Laser ablation of the sclera may be conducted with or without opening the conjunctiva layer.

Abstract: Presbyopia is treated by a method which uses various lasers to remove a portion of the scleral tissue and increase the accommodation of the presbyopic patient's eye. Stable accommodation is achieved by the filling of the sub-conjunctival tissue to the laser-ablated scleral areas. The proposed laser wavelength ranges from ultraviolet to infrared of (0.15-0.36) microns, (0.5-1.4) microns and (0.9-10.6) microns. Both scanning and fiber delivered systems are proposed.

Abstract: Presbyopia is treated by a method which uses ablative lasers to ablate the sclera tissue and increase the accommodation of the ciliary body. Tissue bleeding is prevented by an ablative laser having a wavelength of between 0.15 and 3.2 micron. A scanning system is proposed to perform various patterns on the sclera area of the cornea to treat presbyopia and to prevent other eye disorder such as glaucoma. Laser parameters are determined for accurate sclera expansion.

Abstract: A method and surgical technique for corneal reshaping and for presbyopia correction are provided. The preferred embodiments of the system consists of a scanner, a beam spot controller and coupling fibers and the basic laser having a wavelength of (190-310) nm, (0.5-3.2) microns and (5.6-6.2) microns and a pulse duration of about (10-150) nanoseconds, (10-500) microseconds and true continuous wave. New mid-infrared gas lasers are provided for the corneal reshaping procedures. Presbyopia is treated by a method which uses ablative laser to ablate the sclera tissue and increase the accommodation of the ciliary body. The tissue bleeding is prevented by a dual-beam system having ablative and coagulation lasers. The preferred embodiments include short pulse ablative lasers (pulse duration less than 200 microseconds) with wavelength range of (0.15-3.2) microns and the long pulse (longer than 200 microseconds) coagulative lasers at (0.5-10.6) microns.

Abstract: A refractive laser surgery process is disclosed for using compact, low-cost ophthalmic laser systems which have computer-controlled scanning with a non-contact delivery device for both photo-ablation and photo-coagulation in corneal reshaping. The basic laser systems may include flash-lamp and diode pumped UV solid state lasers (193-215 nm), compact excimer laser (193 nm), free-running Er:glass (1.54 microns), Ho:YAG (2.1 microns), Q-switched Er:YAG (2.94 microns), and tunable IR lasers, (750-1100) nm and (2.5-3.2) microns. The advantages of the non-contact, scanning device used in the process over other prior art lasers include being safer, reduced cost, more compact and more precise and with greater flexibility. The theory of beam overlap and of ablation rate and coagulation patterns is also disclosed for system parameters. Lasers are selected with energy of (0.01-10) mJ, repetition rate of (1-10,000), pulse duration of 0.01 nanoseconds to a few hundreds of microseconds, and with spot size of (0.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for producing multiwavelength coherent radiations ranging from deep-ultraviolet to mid-infrared. The basic laser is a pulsed Nd:YAG or Nd:YLF laser which is frequency converted by a set of novel nonlinear crystals including D-CDA, LBO, BBO, KTP, and KNbO.sub.3, where efficient schemes using noncritical phase matching and cylindrical focusing are employed. A computer controlled integrated system suitable for multiple industrial and medical applications is described, particularly where a UV (at 210 nm and 213 nm) solid state laser is desired such as in refractive surgery. Furthermore, using optical parametric oscillation in nonlinear crystals, the laser system can produce tunable (1.5-4.5 microns) wavelengths covering a variety of medical applications.

Abstract: A sunglass, which includes a glass with a pair of of spectacle bows connected thereto by means of a pair of fastening elements. The fastening elements each includes a front opening defining therein two retaining recessed for convenient connection with either part of snap ends made at both sides of the glass without the use of any screw elements.

Abstract: A detachable mono-glass sports goggles includes a curved rod-like spectacle frame with two bows bilaterally connected thereto; an unitary glass having its top edge inserted into the bottom scoop channel of the spectacle frame; and a nose piece having an inverted V-shaped portion to support the unitary glass and to mount on user's nose, a split pin for insertion through the unitary glass into the spectacle frame to firmly retain the unitary glass therebetween, and a corrugated face portion for touching of fingers to correct the position of the goggles when it is in wear.

Abstract: A refractive laser surgery process is disclosed for using compact, low-cost ophthalmic laser systems which have computer-controlled scanning with a non-contact delivery device for both photo-ablation and photo-coagulation in corneal reshaping. The basic laser systems may include flash-lamp and diode pumped UV solid state lasers (193-215 nm), compact excimer laser (193 nm), free-running Er:glass (1.54 microns), Ho:YAG (2.1 microns), Q-switched Er:YAG (2.94 microns), and tunable IR lasers, (750-1100) nm and (2.5-3.2) microns. The advantages of the non-contact, scanning device used in the process over other prior art lasers include being safer, reduced cost, more compact and more precise and with greater flexibility. The theory of beam overlap and of ablation rate and coagulation patterns is also disclosed for system parameters. Lasers are selected with energy of (0.01-10) mJ, repetition rate of (1-10,000), pulse duration of 0.01 nanoseconds to a few hundreds of microseconds, and with spot size of (0.