Abstract: A collar includes two sections that join together in an adhesive-less manner to form an aperture, an arm with a distally-located pawl extending from a base of each section, a frame on the other section at a position corresponding to the arm, a lower clamp located on the sections, an upper clamp including a distally-located projection extending from the base surface, first and second flexible clamps located at opposing ends of the aperture. A gas discharge tube lighting assembly includes a discharge tube collar, a discharge tube having a stem assembly with a first portion fitting within the discharge tube and a second portion having a seal ring with a diameter greater than the discharge tube outer diameter, the collar and tube connected by adhesive-less mechanical forces exerted on the upper, lower, and first and second flexible clamps with the discharge tube located partially in the aperture.

Abstract: The invention is a THz waveguide source (3) having a core (9) of great nonlinear coefficient and of a great absorption. The source (3) is adapted to behave as a waveguide in pumping and also in THz range. The THz waveguide source (3) has a cladding of smaller absorption coefficient in the THz range than that of the core. The solution according to the invention diminishes the influence of absorption, while enhances efficiency of generating THz radiation. The waveguide structure and the tilted pulse front excitation together results a greater interaction length and thus a greater THz generating efficiency. According to the solution of the invention highly efficient compact THz waveguide sources can be realized.

Abstract: A lamp includes a collar with internal and outer surfaces, where two or more connection pins extend from the internal surface of the collar. At least two connection pins have a head portion distal from the collar internal surface. The head portions include a slot. The lamp includes a light source with at least two external lead-in wires. The lead-in wires are located within respective slots and are mechanically coupled to respective surfaces of the slots in a press-fit manner which may be free of wrapping, winding, twisting, or soldering. A PCB disposed inside the lamp has two opposing surfaces and a rim between the two opposing surfaces. There are conductive surfaces disposed on at least one of the rim and one of the opposing surfaces at positions corresponding to connection pin slots. The PCB is located between connection pins with the conductive surfaces in electrical communication with the lead-in wires.

Abstract: A lamp includes a collar with internal and outer surfaces, where two or more connection pins extend from the internal surface of the collar. At least two connection pins have a head portion distal from the collar internal surface. The head portions include a slot. The lamp includes a light source with at least two external lead-in wires. The lead-in wires are located within respective slots and are mechanically coupled to respective surfaces of the slots in a press-fit manner which may be free of wrapping, winding, twisting, or soldering. A PCB disposed inside the lamp has two opposing surfaces and a rim between the two opposing surfaces. There are conductive surfaces disposed on at least one of the rim and one of the opposing surfaces at positions corresponding to connection pin slots. The PCB is located between connection pins with the conductive surfaces in electrical communication with the lead-in wires.

Abstract: The invention is a THz waveguide source (3) having a core (9) of great nonlinear coefficient and of a great absorption. The source (3) is adapted to behave as a waveguide in pumping and also in THz range. The THz waveguide source (3) has a cladding of smaller absorption coefficient in the THz range than that of the core. The solution according to the invention diminishes the influence of absorption, while enhances efficiency of generating THz radiation. The waveguide structure and the tilted pulse front excitation together results a greater interaction length and thus a greater THz generating efficiency. According to the solution of the invention highly efficient compact THz waveguide sources can be realized.

Abstract: This compact fluorescent lamp includes a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube formed of glass and enclosing a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas. A ballast circuit is connected to the electrodes disposed at each end of a continuous arc path for controlling the current in the tube. A substantially spherical portion of an outer envelope encloses the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion encloses the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope is closed and sealed by a seal formed of the same material as the material of the outer envelope. In the associated method of manufacture, the envelope is separated by cutting along a circumferential line into an upper part and a lower part, the ballast circuit introduced into the lower part and respective lead-in wires and the lead-out wires are short and need not be insulated. The ballast circuit and the discharge tube arrangement are held and supported in the outer envelope by the connecting wires and fixing means.

Abstract: The compact fluorescent lamp comprises a bulb shaped outer envelope enclosing a discharge tube having a coiled configuration and a ballast unit for controlling the current in the tube. The lamp further comprises at least one joint mechanical support and starting aid means for positioning the discharge tube and the ballast unit and reducing a breakdown voltage path of the discharge tube. The at least one mechanical support and starting aid means is made of an electrically conducting material and connected electrically to at least one of the electrodes. The neck portion has a retaining member, and the mechanical support and starting aid means is supported by the retaining member and clamped on the discharge tube at least at a location in a vicinity of a middle section of the arc path. The mechanical support means further comprises at least one support section to provide support against an apex of the outer envelope, and at least one fixing section for fixing of the discharge tube.

Abstract: There is provided a cap and socket arrangement for compact fluorescent lamps. The lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement made of glass and having sealed ends being positioned at one end of the lamp. A continuous arc path is formed inside the discharge tube between two electrodes disposed at one end of the lamp. At least one of the sealed ends is also provided with an amalgam fill. The sealed ends of the discharge tube arrangement are received in the cap, and the cap comprises contact members and a protruding fitting member for being received in the socket. The socket has a hollow member for receiving the fitting member of the cap, and contact elements for receiving the contact members of the cap. The fitting member and the socket are provided with matching positioning elements for determining the position of the cap with respect to the socket and thereby determining the spatial position of the electrode with respect to the amalgam.

Abstract: A bulb-shaped outer envelope for accommodating at least one lamp including a light-emitting body and a control gear is disclosed. The envelope has a substantially spherical section for receiving the light-emitting body, and an elongated end section for receiving at least a part of the control gear components. The elongated end section is provided with a neck section. A substantially tubular neck-extension portion connects to an inner surface portion of and protruding from the neck section. The neck-extension portion is suitable for accommodating a remaining part of the control gear components. In a method for the manufacture of a glass outer envelope, a flare that is normally used in the manufacture of incandescent lamps is turned around by 180°, put into a skirted bulbous envelope, melted into the envelope while the skirt is detached and the flare is formed into a neck-extension portion. A self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamp with the bulb-shaped outer envelope is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric lamp comprises a bulb-shaped outer envelope made of a glass material with a substantially spherical portion for receiving at least a part of at least one light source and an elongated end portion for receiving at least a part of an electronic control gear for energizing the light sources. A base portion attached to the bulb-shaped envelope comprises connecting means for connecting the electronic control gear to an associated power supply. The base portion is provided with a base plate for closing the base portion and the connecting means are pin connectors embedded in the base plate of the base portion. A method of manufacturing a lamp with pin connectors is also disclosed. In this method, an outer envelope made of a glass material is connected to a base portion that has a base plate with embedded pin connectors. A lamp that comprises a bulb-shaped outer envelope made of a plastic material and has a base portion with pin connectors is also provided.

Abstract: An electric lamp comprises an inner assembly including a light source and a control gear circuit. An outer envelope encloses the light source and at least a part of the control gear and has a predetermined wall thickness and an end portion. The outer envelope is comprised of two parts separated along a circumferential line. The two parts of the envelope are connectable and sealable to form a uniform outer envelope with a seal region. The seal region has a wall thickness and is merged in a surface portion of the two parts of the envelope so that the surface unevenness of the seal region is not greater than 0.5 millimeters, and the maximum difference of the wall thickness of the seal region with respect to the wall thickness of the outer envelope is not greater than 0.3 millimeters. A method for manufacturing an electric lamp as described above is also disclosed.

Abstract: This compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and the tube is provided with electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit connected to the electrodes for controlling the current in the tube and a lamp base for connecting said lamp to a power supply through a socket. The lamp is enclosed in an outer envelope comprising a substantially spherical portion enclosing the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion enclosing the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope is closed and sealed by a sealing means of the same material as the material of the outer envelope. The sealing means is connected to the envelope in a hermetically sealing way.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and has electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires for controlling the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope comprises a substantially spherical portion, which encloses the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion, which encloses the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope has a neck portion with an open end on a base side for receiving a base shell.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and is provided with electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires for controlling the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope has a substantially spherical portion enclosing the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion enclosing the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope having an open end on a base side is closed and terminated by a closing means of the same material as the outer envelope. The closing means is provided with a tubular opening.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and is provided with electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit mounted on a printed circuit board, which is oriented in a plane substantially parallel to the principal axis of the lamp. The ballast circuit is connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires and controls the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope has a substantially spherical portion enclosing at least a part of the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion enclosing at least the ballast circuit.

Abstract: A starting aid in combination with a fluorescent lamp is provided. The lamp comprises a glass discharge tube (2) which includes a discharge path and is convoluted to have a plurality of discharge tube legs. These legs extend into and are secured in place in a plastic housing. Lamp electrodes (40, 42) are located at respective end points of a discharge path and disposed in some of the discharge tube legs. The lamp electrodes are connected to means suitable for electrically connecting to a socket. The starting aid comprises an electrical connector disposed in the plastic housing of the florescent lamp. The starting aid has a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the means suitable for electrically connecting to the socket. The second end is secured to an end portion of an electrodeless discharge tube leg. At least a part of the electrical connector is formed as a spring. A fluorescent lamp system with a starting aid is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a low pressure discharge lamp, which comprises a discharge tube, a lamp base holding the discharge tube, and a base cap (6) for covering the lamp base. The base cap (6) also provides mechanical support to the discharge tube. The base cap (6) comprises tube openings (10) for receiving end parts of the discharge tube. The base cap (6) further comprises an adhesive space (14) adjacent to a tube opening (10), the adhesive space containing an amount of adhesive. The adhesive space (14) is open toward the discharge tube. The adhesive contained in the adhesive space (14) adheres to an end part of the discharge tube and thereby fixes the discharge tube to the base cap (6). The base cap comprises at least one upper transversal member (31) and at least one lower transversal member (32). The transversal members (31,32) extend substantially in a plane parallel to a plane of the tube opening (10) adjacent to the adhesive space (14).