Abstract: Processes for the production of microporous carbon material, for use in electrodes of supercapacitors and secondary batteries, in which particulate metal carbide material is fluidized with a halogen gas at a high temperature in a fluidized bed reactor, the halogen gas is desorbed at a lower temperature of 150° C. to at most 250° C. under vacuum, and then the material is passivated using hydrogen gas and then milled.

Abstract: The present invention is related to ultracapacitors (or supercapacitors) and to the carbon electrode materials for ultracapacitors. A ultradocapacitor according to the invention comprises at least one pair of oppositely charged microporous carbon electrodes composed of an electrochemically active carbon material wherein an active carbon surface is modified with plurality of atoms or functional groups with a free electron pair covalently bound to hexagonal carbon, and an electrolyte containing ions forming an electrical double layer on the surface of electrically charged carbon electrode and a component changing a state of charge during recharging of the ultracapacitor. The carbon is preferably CDC (carbon derived carbon) activated by high temperature (600-1000° C.) chlorine treatment.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reducing the corrosion of a condenser in carbide derived carbons (CDC) production where cooling/quenching of a gaseous stream metal or metalloid halide is performed by direct contact of gaseous stream with liquid cooling agent before condenser, without utilizing a heat exchanger for the temperature range above 300° C., while keeping purity of gaseous stream of metal or metalloid halide constant. The apparatus comprises a reactor for carbide to carbon conversion and a condenser for collecting the by-produced metal- or metalloid chloride, and a cooling unit comprising a tank of liquid cooling agent. Temperature of the gas stream entering the condenser is reduced by heat absorbed in vaporization of a liquid metal- or metalloid halide introduced from the tank of liquid cooling agent through by supply pump, through the supply flow valve into the gaseous stream at the exit of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is related to ultracapacitors (or supercapacitors) and to the carbon electrode materials for ultracapacitors. A ultradocapacitor according to the invention comprises at least one pair of oppositely charged microporous carbon electrodes composed of an electrochemically active carbon material wherein an active carbon surface is modified with plurality of atoms or functional groups with a free electron pair covalently bound to hexagonal carbon, and an electrolyte containing ions forming an electrical double layer on the surface of electrically charged carbon electrode and a component changing a state of charge during recharging of the ultracapacitor. The carbon is preferably CDC (carbon derived carbon) activated by high temperature (600-1000° C.) chlorine treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric double-layer capacitor and its manufacturing method. The ultracapacitor comprises a cylindrical housing having a bottom at one end and the housing is closed by an end cap integrated with first current terminal. From the bottom of the housing protrudes a terminal end of the second current terminal. Unlike to the previously known solutions the current terminals are arranged into the ultracapacitor, and spot welded to the electrode terminal to decrease internal resistance and to reach optimal packing density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric double-layer capacitor and its manufacturing method. The ultracapacitor comprises a cylindrical housing having a bottom at one end and the housing is closed by an end cap integrated with first current terminal. From the bottom of the housing protrudes a terminal end of the second current terminal. Unlike to the previously known solutions the current terminals are arranged into the ultracapacitor, and spot welded to the electrode terminal to decrease internal resistance and to reach optimal packing density.

Abstract: The present invention is related with a method for making a high-density carbon material for high-density carbon electrodes by wet process free of organic solvents comprising the steps of pre-compaction of carbon/polymer composite in wet process, making a dry precursor from pre-compacted carbon/polymer composite in the form of slurry by evaporating aqueous solution from said carbon-polymer composite slurry and milling in non-destructive way a blended dry precursor thereafter into a carbon-polymer composite granulated powder and thereafter forming a carbon-polymer composite film from said carbon-polymer composite granulated powder.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of manufacture of the homodispersed composite of the synthetic carbon material derived from carbide and silicon where the powder of the carbon material is first dispersed mechanically with the powder of silicon to homodispersed mixture, then the homodispersed mixture of the carbon material and silicon is sintered in an inert environment at a temperature between 1200 to 1500° C. to synthetic homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon. The homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon is heated in an inert environment at a temperature between 800 to 1100° C. and then the homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon is chlorinated at a temperature from 800 to 100° C.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of manufacture of the electrochemical system of the electric double layer prismatic capacitor from electrically connected in parallel of semi-wound packages of micro/mesoporous carbon composite electrode pairs separated by porous cage. According to the method the pre-made carbon film will be covered with a layer of aluminum foil layer using a vacuum deposition method thus forming a current collector of an electrochemical system. Subsequently the pairs of electrodes are formed from a carbon composite electrode which are wounded or flipped to flat packages so that the ends of current collectors protruding from folded packages are joined together in parallel and thereafter the ends of current collectors are connected correspondingly to the positive and negative current terminal of the electric double layer capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of increasing the working voltage of electrical double layer capacitor with enhanced working voltage, which has electrodes fabricated from porous carbon powder in which the pore sizes and the specific surface are created by extracting the non-carbon atoms from the carbon-rich organic or mineral compounds. The method is performed by step-by-step treatment of supercapacitor with the conditioning voltage (Uc), which is increased gradually up to the working voltage (Uw) by the voltage step (DUc) which is less or equal to 0.2V.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of manufacture of the electrochemical system of the electric double layer prismatic capacitor from electrically connected in parallel of semi-wound packages of micro/mesoporous carbon composite electrode pairs separated by porous cage. According to the method the pre-made carbon film will be covered with a layer of aluminum foil layer using a vacuum deposition method thus forming a current collector of an electrochemical system. Subsequently the pairs of electrodes are formed from a carbon composite electrode which are wounded or flipped to flat packages so that the ends of current collectors protruding from folded packages are joined together in parallel and thereafter the ends of current collectors are connected correspondingly to the positive and negative current terminal of the electric double layer capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of increasing the working voltage of electrical double layer capacitor with enhanced working voltage, which has electrodes fabricated from porous carbon powder in which the pore sizes and the specific surface are created by extracting the non-carbon atoms from the carbon-rich organic or mineral compounds. The method is performed by step-by-step treatment of supercapacitor with the conditioning voltage (Uc), which is increased gradually up to the working voltage (Uw) by the voltage step (?Uc) which is less or equal to 0.3 V.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of manufacture of the homodispersed composite of the synthetic carbon material derived from carbide and silicon where the powder of the carbon material is first dispersed mechanically with the powder of silicon to homodispersed mixture, then the homodispersed mixture of the carbon material and silicon is sintered in an inert environment at a temperature between 1200 to 1500° C. to synthetic homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon. The homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon is heated in an inert environment at a temperature between 800 to 1100° C. and then the homodispersed composite of the silicon carbide and silicon is chlorinated at a temperature from 800 to 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a high power density carbon composite electrode for electric double layer capacitors, and a method of manufacture of high density electrode consisting of mineral carbon with suitable nanostructures and morphology. The invention describes a statistical model, which makes possible to select and/or develop carbide carbon materials having a great energy and electrical capacity properties used in the manufacture of the carbon composite electrodes. The simultaneous compliance and achievement of all the statistical parameters of the model allows manufacture superior power density electrodes for super capacitor.

Abstract: A method for making the microporous carbon with modified pore size distribution and advanced sorption behavior. The carbon is derived from metal or metalloid carbides. The method employs the use of oxidant in reaction medium that during the carbide conversion into carbon widens small micropores, which otherwise would be hardly accessed by sorbing molecules or ions in practical applications. The microporous carbon obtained is free of impurities and possesses extremely narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for manufacturing of the smart packaging materials and tagging technique of using frequency identification of magnetically active compounds with different signal positions. The different concentrations of the differently substituted compounds generate a vast number of different tag codes. The compounds used belong to the classes of organic magnetically active compounds or polymers that are compatible with an in-melting process of most packaging polymeric materials. This allows the magnetically active compounds to be incorporated in polymeric materials for durable tracking and identification purposes.

Abstract: A method for making the microporous carbon with modified pore size distribution and advanced sorption behaviour. The carbon is derived from metal or metalloid carbides. The method employs the use of oxidant in reaction medium that during the carbide conversion into carbon widens small micropores, which otherwise would be hardly accessed by sorbing molecules or ions in practical applications. The microporous carbon obtained is free of impurities and possesses extremely narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: A method to produce the nanostructured carbon material comprising the steps of synthesis of metal or metalloid oxide (STAGE B) from respective metal or metalloid chloride, synthesis of metal or metalloid carbide (STAGE C) from respective metal or metalloid oxide and synthesis of metal or metalloid chloride (STAGE D) from the solid product wherein the metal or metalloid carbide in STAGE C is synthesized from the respective metal or metalloid oxide produced in STAGE B.

Abstract: A method to selectively increase in high-density porous carbon materials the pore size of such pores that are too small to be accessible for certain molecules. The method applies to porous carbon materials with a density of at least 0.6 g/cm3, with a microporosity of at least 0.45 cm3/g as measured by benzene absorption and with pore size distribution where at least 20% of the micropores are of size below 10 A. Specific surface of the precursor carbon material is typically >800 m2/g. The method further employs the use of such liquid oxidants for which the precursor material will function as a molecular sieve, water being a preferred such oxidant.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor including at least one pair of polarizable electrodes connected to current collectors, a separator made of ion-permeable but electron-insulating material interposed between the electrodes in each pair of electrodes, and a liquid electrolyte. According to the invention the electrodes include a layer of carbon particles having a narrow distribution of nanopores therein, the pore sizes of the nanopores being adapted to fit the ion sizes of the electrolyte. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a supercapacitor.