Abstract: The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterologous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluyveromyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterologous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluyveromyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterologous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluveryomyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterlogous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluveryomyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

Abstract: Host cells, comprising Kluveryomyces expressing heterologous cellulases produce ethanol from cellulose In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterlogous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose The recombinant yeast strains and co-cultures of the yeast strains can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of sacchanfication and fermentation processes.

Abstract: A sample port includes a body equipped with an internal cavity and two plungers arranged moveably in the internal cavity, whereby the plungers can be pressed against each other in the internal cavity, in order to compress a sample. At least one of the plungers can be moved into a reactor in order to collect a sample. The sample port also includes a sample chamber, which is formed by a space remaining between the internal cavity and the plungers. At least one sample-container connection is connected in connection with the internal cavity in order to collect the sample from sample chamber. In addition, the sample port has a filter which is provided to at least either plunger for separating a liquid component of the sample from a solid component and means for leading the liquid component of the sample out of the sample chamber.

Abstract: Host cells, comprising Kluveryomyces expressing heterologous cellulases produce ethanol from cellulose In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterlogous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose The recombinant yeast strains and co-cultures of the yeast strains can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of sacchanfication and fermentation processes

Abstract: The invention relates to a sample port, filter, and sampling method. The sample port according to the invention comprises a body equipped with an internal cavity and two plungers arranged moveably in this, which can be pressed against each other in the internal cavity, in order to compress a sample, and at least one of which plungers can be moved into a reactor, in order to collect a sample. The sample port also comprises a sample chamber, which is formed by the space remaining between the internal cavity and the plungers, and at least one sample-container connection connected in connection with the internal cavity, in order to collect the sample from sample chamber. In addition, the sample port has filter means adapted to at least either plunger for separating the liquid component of the sample from the solid component and means for leading the liquid component of the sample out of the sample chamber.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol from a fibrous lignocellulosic raw material. After pre-treatment of the raw material, the fibrous fraction is first hydrolysed at high consistency and then the modified material is subjected simultaneously to continued hydrolysis with a cellulase and to ethanol fermentation in a fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued to convert an essential portion of the available cellulose into ethanol, then a liquid fraction containing solubilized hemicelluloses is added to the fermentation mixture and fermentation continued. By means of the invention, high fermentation rates, high ethanol concentrations and low ethanol production costs can be attained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of xylitol, the method comprising (a1) providing (i) a microorganism having xylanolytic activity, and (ii) a microorganism capable of converting a pentose sugar to xylitol; or (a2) providing a microorganism having xylanolytic activity and being capable of converting a pentose sugar to xylitol, (b) culturing the microorganism of step (a1) (i) or the microorganism of step (a2) in a medium comprising polymer or oligomer materials containing pentose sugars in conditions sufficient for enabling hydrolysis of said polymers or oligomers by the microorganism; (c) producing xylitol in the microorganism of step (a1) (ii) or in the microorganism of step (a2) by bioconversion of the hydrolysis products obtained in step (b), and (d) recovering said xylitol produced. The invention also relates to a microorganism, which has xylanolytic activity and has been genetically modified (i) to enhance its xylanolytic activity, and (ii) to reduce its xylitol metabolism.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol from a fibrous lignocellulosic raw material. After pre-treatment of the raw material, the fibrous fraction is first hydrolysed at high consistency and then the modified material is subjected simultaneously to continued hydrolysis with a cellulase and to ethanol fermentation in a fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued to convert an essential portion of the available cellulose into ethanol, then a liquid fraction containing solubilized hemicelluloses is added to the fermentation mixture and fermentation continued. By means of the invention, high fermentation rates, high ethanol concentrations and low ethanol production costs can be attained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a promoter and to a fungal host for improved protein production. According to the invention the promoter has been modified in its response to the mechanisms mediating transcriptional down-regulation of secreted proteins under secretion stress. This invention relates also to methods for optimised protein production of secretable proteins in fungi.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of xylitol, the method comprising