Abstract: The invention provides, in some aspects, a computing device that includes a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, and a display, all coupled (directly or indirectly for communications). The central processing unit executes a native operating system including one or more native runtime environments within which native software applications are executing, where each such native software application has instructions for execution under the native operating system. A first native software application (“ACL”) executing within one or more of the native runtime environments defines one or more hosted runtime environments within which hosted software applications are executing.

Abstract: According to further aspects of the invention, there is provided a computing device that executes a hybrid application in a single application address space established within a runtime environment defined under a native operating system executing on the device. That hybrid application includes (i) instructions comprising a “hosted” software application built and intended for execution under an operating system that differs from the native operating system, i.e., a hosted operating system, and (ii) instructions from at least one of a runtime library and another resource of the native runtime environment.

Abstract: The invention provides, in some aspects, a computing device that includes a central processing unit that is coupled to a hardware interface and that executes a native operating system including one or more native runtime environments within which native software applications are executing. A first native software application executing within the one or more native runtime environments defines one or more hosted runtime environments within which hosted software applications are executing. One or more further native software applications (“IO proxies”), each executing within the one or more native runtime environments and each corresponding to a respective one of the one or more hosted software applications, receives the graphics generated by the respective hosted software application and effects writing of those graphics to the video frame buffer for presentation on the display of the computing device.

Abstract: The invention provides, in some aspects, a computing device that includes a central processing unit that is coupled to a hardware interface and that executes a native operating system including one or more native runtime environments within which native software applications are executing. A first native software application executing within the one or more native runtime environments defines one or more hosted runtime environments within which hosted software applications are executing. One or more further native software applications (“IO proxies”), each executing within the one or more native runtime environments and each corresponding to a respective one of the one or more hosted software applications, receives the graphics generated by the respective hosted software application and effects writing of those graphics to the video frame buffer for presentation on the display of the computing device.