Abstract: A sampling apparatus can have an elongate tube and a liquid partitioning unit, first port can receive an incoming flow of test liquid and a second port may be coupled to the elongate tube. The liquid partitioning unit can combine the flow of test liquid with a plurality of partitioning elements to define a plurality of discrete liquid samples for movement along and storage in the elongate tube.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus can have an elongate tube and a liquid partitioning unit, first port can receive an incoming flow of test liquid and a second port may be coupled to the elongate tube. The liquid partitioning unit can combine the flow of test liquid with a plurality of partitioning elements to define a plurality of discrete liquid samples for movement along and storage in the elongate tube.

Abstract: Fluid sampling apparatus 10 comprising an elongate tube 14 and a fluid partitioning unit 12 comprising: a first port 18 arranged to receive an incoming flow of test fluid TF; and a second port 20 arranged to be coupled to the elongate tube. The fluid partitioning unit is arranged to combine the flow of test fluid with a plurality of partitioning elements 26 to define a plurality of discrete temporally organised fluid samples FS for movement along and storage in the elongate tube.

Abstract: In a "speckle pattern" interferometer a coherent light beam is split into object and reference beams, the former being directed to illuminate a surface under inspection. Light scattered from this surface is imaged at an image location, at which there may be disposed the screen of a television camera device, the imaged light being reflected to the image location by a planar mirror. The reference beam is directed to the image location to interfere with the imaged light, this beam diverging to the image location from an effective point source located behind the mirror through an aperture in the mirror.