Abstract: A lubricating device for clay or ceramic extruders in the form of a separable lubricating ring inserted between the exit end of the extruder casing or barrel and the entrance end of the die. The lubricating ring includes an annular outer member having a substantially cylindrical inner wall. A frustoconical liner is affixed to the inner wall in such a manner as to form a reservoir therebetween and deliver a variably controlled supply of lubricant to the clay column at the entrance to the forming die. The frustoconical shape of the liner provides a negative angle of impingement between the clay and the lubricating ring resulting in longer life of the liner and an improved penetration of lubricant into the clay or ceramic material.

Abstract: A hammermill in which the hammers are carried by suspension rods for free swinging movement between a plurality of spaced discs. Each disc is provided with a peripheral hole pattern which includes a greater number of holes than there are hammers carried between each adjacent pair of discs thereby providing for relocation of the hammers one or more times to extend the life of the discs. Further protective shoes or caps cover the peripheral edge and a portion of the machined side surfaces of each disc which are subjected to extreme wear.