Abstract: The invention consists of a focused light beam source mounted on a straight-edge, which is aligned to an off-drawing vanishing point target reference, to sketch object lines in a manner which creates depth perspective and thus maintains the three-dimensional visual character of the object to be drawn. The desired line of the object is drawn after locating and marking the reference vanishing point which will maintain that object line in visual perspective with related object lines. The straight-edge is aligned by targeting a focused light beam at the vanishing point, and the object line is drawn along the straight-edge while the light beam is striking the target marking the vanishing point. The preferred embodiment of the invention is configured with one light source, and uses reflecting mirrors which direct the light beam along the straight edge. The invention can alternately be configured with more than one light beam source, either with or without reflectors, to accomplish the same alignment function.

Abstract: An improved printed circuit card or second level electronics package (circuit board) including a laminate of lossy material and dielectric material between the voltage supply plane (Vcc) and the ground (GND) plane. The laminate suppresses common mode noise that is generated by active components on the card or circuit board.

Abstract: A ventilated toilet includes a flapper valve assembly having coaxial air intake and air discharge tubes, the outer air intake tube being connected at its lower end to the flush discharge outlet of the holding tank of the toilet. The inner tube protrudes downwardly through the flush discharge outlet and through the porcelain wall separating the siphon portion of the toilet waste discharge duct from the flush conduit connecting the flush discharge outlet of the holding tank to the annular water discharge channel in the rim of the toilet bowl. An electric fan withdraws contaminated air from the toilet bowl through the annular discharge channel and upwardly through the annular channel between the inner and outer flapper valve tubes and vents downwardly through the inner tube to the siphon portion of the waste duct to be discharged. A conventional flapper valve is offset from and connected to the outer one of the pair of coaxial tubes.