Abstract: A light fixture includes a first housing and a second housing. A male connector extends from one end of the first or second housing and has an outer surface defining at least one groove or rib substantially parallel to the housing end. A female connector is defined in the other end of the first or second housing. The female connector has an inner surface defining the other of the at least one groove or rib substantially parallel to the housing end. When the male connector is received by the female connector, the at least one rib slidingly engages at least partially within the at least one groove such that the outer surface of the male connector overlaps and is directly adjacent the inner surface of the female connector coupling the ends of the first housing and the second housing.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and systems for storing, sharing, accessing and processing data (content) on a blockchain. In one embodiment, there is provided a method of identifying a target transaction on a blockchain e.g. Bitcoin, comprising the steps of using a search path to identify the target transaction, the search path comprising: 1) a root transaction index (RTIndex) comprising a public key (RTPK) associated with the root transaction and an ID (RTID) associated with the root transaction; and 2) at least one attribute associated with the root transaction and/or the target transaction. This enables the creation and use of a search path analogous to that known in relation to the internet, but for the blockchain.

Abstract: A method of validating transactions for recordal in a blockchain comprises receiving one or more transactions at a node of a blockchain network. For each received transaction a protocol for validating the transaction is applied. The protocol is configured to allow a termination opcode to be included in an output script of the transaction. The termination opcode is configured to, upon being executed by the node, a) terminate execution of the output script, and b) not to invalidate the transaction based only on the inclusion of the termination opcode in the output script. The protocol is also configured to disallow any instance of the termination opcode from being included in an input script of the transaction, said disallowing comprising the node at least invalidating the transaction if any instance of the termination opcode is included in the input script.

Abstract: A method of executing transactions of a blockchain network. A first transaction comprises at least a first output comprising a first locking script of a stack-based scripting language, the first locking script comprising a portion of the first locking script to be executed before a first instance of an opcode is executed. A second transaction comprises a first unlocking script that references the first output in the first transaction. Upon executing the first instance of the opcode, execution of the first locking script is terminated whilst not invalidating the first transaction. A first data element is read from at least one stack, wherein the first data element is generated during execution of the first unlocking script and the portion of the first locking script. The first data element as read from the at least one stack is supplied to an off-chain function, wherein the function is configured to generate a result based on at least said first data element.

Abstract: Methods and devices to enable the splitting of storage and validation functions from mining function in a blockchain network. The storage and validation nodes create candidate blocks and collect block rewards from successfully mined blocks. The mining nodes provide hash power for mining the candidate blocks and received resources from the storage and validation node for successful mining of a candidate block. Atomic exchange mechanisms are described for preventing loss and fraud and minimizing the use of bandwidth by mining nodes.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of redacting data of a blockchain transaction, wherein the method comprises: obtaining a first blockchain transaction, the first blockchain transaction comprising one or more respective scripts comprising respective target data to be redacted; for at least one of the one or more respective scripts, constructing a respective Merkle tree based on the respective script, wherein the respective target data is divided across one or more of the respective leaves of the respective Merkle tree, and generating a redacted version of the first blockchain transaction by replacing the at least one respective script with a respective Merkle root of the respective Merkle tree.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of implementing a token protocol using a blockchain, wherein the method is performed by a first party and comprises: obtaining a first blockchain transaction, the first blockchain transaction comprising a first output comprising a first locking script, the first locking script comprising token data; constructing a Merkle tree based on the first locking script, wherein the token data is divided across one or more leaves of the Merkle tree; generating a first signature based on a first message comprising a Merkle root of the Merkle tree; and making the first signature available for inclusion in a second output of the first blockchain transaction.

Abstract: A method of executing a transaction of a blockchain. The transaction comprises at least one output comprising a locking script, and the locking script comprises an instance of a first opcode and one or more instances of a second opcode. Each instance of the second opcode separates portions of the locking script. Upon calling the instance of the first opcode, a first data element is read from at least one stack, the first data element being generated during execution of the locking script with an unlocking script of a different transaction. A first part of the locking script that follows an instance of the second opcode corresponding to the first data element is output.

Abstract: A method of validating transactions for recordal in a blockchain comprises receiving one or more transactions at a node of a blockchain network. For each received transaction a protocol for validating the transaction is applied. The protocol is configured to allow a termination opcode to be included in an output script of the transaction. The termination opcode is configured to, upon being executed by the node, a) terminate execution of the output script, and b) not to invalidate the transaction based only on the inclusion of the termination opcode in the output script. The protocol is also configured to disallow any instance of the termination opcode from being included in an input script of the transaction, said disallowing comprising the node at least invalidating the transaction if any instance of the termination opcode is included in the input script.

Abstract: A method of recording a target transaction in a blockchain, comprising: obtaining an updated version of the target transaction, being updated relative to a pre-existing first version; and instead of the first version, sending the updated version to be propagated through a network of nodes to be recorded in the blockchain. The target transaction comprises an input comprising an unlocking script and a pointer to an output of a first transaction, the output of the first transaction comprising a locking script specifying a plurality of alternative conditions for unlocking that output. The unlocking script of the first version of the target transaction is configured to unlock the first output of the first transaction based on a first of said alternative conditions, and the unlocking script of the updated version is configured to unlock it based on a second one of said alternative conditions.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing a first transaction specifying an output amount of a digital asset to greater than pointed to by its inputs, wherein an output of the first transaction comprises a locking script specifying a condition; over a side channel, receiving an input from each of multiple users, and adding each received input to the first transaction; and once a target is reached, whereby the total input amount pointed to by the inputs of the first transaction is equal to or exceeds the output amount, causing the first transaction and a second transaction to be published to a blockchain network to be recorded in a blockchain. The second transaction comprises an input pointing to the output of the first transaction and comprising an unlocking script meeting said condition. The condition requires the unlocking script to include a media key enabling the users to access the item of media content.

Abstract: A server of media content makes a first transaction available to users that includes a first output specifying an amount of a digital asset to transfer to a second party, and a total of zero or more inputs wherein a total input amount of the digital asset specified in any outputs of any source transactions pointed to by the zero or more inputs is less than a total output amount of the digital asset specified by the one or more outputs. Inputs are received from users of a side channel. Once a target is reached, the first transaction and a second transaction are recorded in a blockchain, wherein the second transaction comprises an input pointing to the first output of the first transaction and an unlocking script meeting a condition that requires the unlocking script to include a media key enabling the users to access the item of media content.

Abstract: A method of managing an overlay network overlaid on data-storage transactions of a blockchain, whereby data content of the overlay network is stored in payloads of the data-storage transactions and overlay-layer links are defined between the data-storage transactions. The method comprises identifying a graph structure of the overlay network, wherein nodes corresponds to different ones of the data-storage transactions and edges correspond to the links. Each node is associated with a respective first key for signing an input of a child data-storage transaction to authorise writing the child to the blockchain. The method further comprises using a child key derivation, CKD, function to determine a hierarchical set of second keys having the same graph structure as the overlay network, wherein the second keys enable an additional function other than signing inputs of the data-storage transactions.

Abstract: A method of recording a target transaction in a blockchain, comprising: obtaining an updated version of the target transaction, being updated relative to a pre-existing first version; and instead of the first version, sending the updated version to be propagated through a network of nodes to be recorded in the blockchain. The target transaction comprises an input comprising an unlocking script and a pointer to an output of a first transaction, the output of the first transaction comprising a locking script specifying a plurality of alternative conditions for unlocking that output.

Abstract: A method of validating transactions for recordal in a blockchain comprises receiving one or more transactions at a node of a blockchain network. For each received transaction a protocol for validating the transaction is applied. The protocol is configured to allow a termination opcode to be included in an output script of the transaction. The termination opcode is configured to, upon being executed by the node, a) terminate execution of the output script, and b) not to invalidate the transaction based only on the inclusion of the termination opcode in the output script. The protocol is also configured to disallow any instance of the termination opcode from being included in an input script of the transaction, said disallowing comprising the node at least invalidating the transaction if any instance of the termination opcode is included in the input script.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of generating a secondary transaction identifier of a target transaction which enables a querying user to determine whether the target transaction comprises a candidate data field. The method comprises identifying a set of data fields of the target transaction, each data field comprising respective data of the transaction; and generating a transaction hash tree. Each data field is hashed to generate a respective one of a plurality of leaf hashes of the transaction hash tree. The root hash of the transaction hash tree comprises the secondary transaction identifier.

Abstract: A method of recording a target transaction in a blockchain, comprising: obtaining an updated version of the target transaction, being updated relative to a pre-existing first version; and instead of the first version, sending the updated version to be propagated through a network of nodes to be recorded in the blockchain. The target transaction comprises an input comprising an unlocking script and a pointer to an output of a first transaction, the output of the first transaction comprising a locking script specifying a plurality of alternative conditions for unlocking that output. The unlocking script of the first version of the target transaction is configured to unlock the first output of the first transaction based on a first of said alternative conditions, and the unlocking script of the updated version is configured to unlock it based on a second one of said alternative conditions.

Abstract: Methods and devices to enable the splitting of storage and validation functions from mining function in a blockchain network. The storage and validation nodes create candidate blocks and collect block rewards from successfully mined blocks. The mining nodes provide hash power for mining the candidate blocks and received resources from the storage and validation node for successful mining of a candidate block. Atomic exchange mechanisms are described for preventing loss and fraud and minimizing the use of bandwidth by mining nodes.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for storing, sharing, retrieving, writing and accessing data (content) on a blockchain such as, for example, the Bitcoin ledger. Embodiments of the method may comprise the step of processing at least one blockchain transaction (Tx) comprising: a protocol flag; at least one discretionary public key (DPK); and at least one discretionary transaction ID (DTxID). These are discretionary in the sense that they are not required as part of the underlying blockchain protocol but in accordance with present disclosure. The at least one transaction (Tx) also comprises a plurality of inputs, each input having: i) a parent public key (PPK) and ii) a signature (S) generated using the parent public key (PPK). Thus, the transaction forms an indexed node in a graph or hierarchical tree of logically associated nodes at least some of which include or reference portions of data. The nodes in such a tree can have multiple parents and/or children.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure proposes methods, devices, systems, and data structures for implementing an ordered, append-only data logging system. In particular a method comprises creating a transaction of a first type comprising an input associated with a transaction output from a latest transaction in the set of transactions. Then creating a transaction of a second type. Finally submitting both the transaction of the second type and the transaction of the first type to the blockchain.