Abstract: A radiation dispersing cavity has its interior surface covered by a plurality of deformations, each of which acts as a dispersing element which is small with respect to the effective diameter of the cavity and yet large with respect to the wavelengths processed by the integrating cavity. The interior surface of the cavity is coated with a material which provides the proper reflectivity for the wavelengths of interest. The interior of the cavity is covered with at least two different sets of interlocking deformations producing at least two different apparent planes of reflection. Use of alternating concave-inward, concave-outward deformations facilitates smooth transitions between deformations, preventing development of hot spots at sharp discontinuities.

Abstract: A radiation dispersing cavity has its interior surface covered by a plurality of deformations, each of which acts as a dispersing element which is small with respect to the effective diameter of the cavity and yet large with respect to the wavelengths processed by the integrating cavity. The interior surface of the cavity is coated with a material which provides the proper reflectivity for the wavelengths of interest.

Abstract: A spherical lens element and a concentric lens element receive light, in that order, from a wide field of view, and diverge all rays so that upon leaving said concentric element, the angles of all rays approximate that of radial lines. This light is then filtered through a concentric narrow bandpass filter to attenuate undesired background light, and is collected by a suitable light collector and detector. Apertures for selecting the field of view and F number are provided.

Abstract: A filter spectrograph unit for use in a micro-Raman spectrometer system or a remote sensing system is formed by combining an infinitely variable spectral line rejection filter (having appropriate entrance optics) functionally and operatively with a dispersing spectrograph. The line rejection filter is a modified form of a zero-dispersing double monochromator having an input light signal including laser light scattered from, for example, minute Raman-active particles. The modified double monochromator includes an acylindrical mirror positioned so that the laser line will exit through an aperture in the mirror and all other spectral lines will be reflected and reformed by the modified double monochromator into an output light signal containing all of the original spectral information, less the rejected laser line.

Abstract: A filter spectrograph unit for use in a micro-Raman spectrometer system or a remote sensing system is formed by combining an infinitely variable spectral line rejection filter (having appropriate entrance optics) functionally and operatively with a dispersing spectrograph. The line rejection filter is a modified form of a zero-dispersion double monochromator having an input light signal including laser light scattered from, for example, minute Raman-active particles. The modified double monochromator includes an acylindrical mirror positioned so that the laser line will exit through an aperture in the mirror and all other spectral lines will be reflected and reformed by the modified double monochromator into an output light signal containing all of the original spectral information, less the rejected laser line.