Abstract: A particulate matter detection device and methods for detecting a particulate matter in the environment. The particulate matter detection device comprising an indicator comprising a detection layer, an optical substance bonded to a detection layer surface, and a graphical target layer viewable through one or more apertures in the detection layer. The adsorption of particulate matter to the optical substance obscures the graphical target layer as viewed through the one or more apertures to indicate the presence of particulate matter. The indicator demountably connected to a support frame comprises a sealed membrane to protect the optical substance. A channeled air modifier forming an enclosure with the support frame discriminates particulate matter from adsorbing onto the optical substance.

Abstract: Methods of treating hazardous materials, such as, for example, contaminated soils, are disclosed. In one aspect, a method may include treating a contaminated soil with a hazardous material treatment composition to form a resulting material. In one aspect, the hazardous material treatment composition may include mostly salt, and from 0.5 to 15 wt % sorbent. The method may further include treating the resulting material with one or more inorganic binding agents. Other methods of treating hazardous materials are also disclosed, as well as compositions for treating hazardous materials.

Abstract: Methods of treating radioactive materials are disclosed. In one aspect, a method may include mixing a radioactive isotope diluted in a filler material with a radioactive material treatment composition to form a resulting material. The radioactive material treatment composition may include mostly salt, and from 0.5 to 15 wt % sorbent. The method may further include mixing the resulting material with one or more inorganic binding agents. Other methods of treating radioactive materials are also disclosed, as well as compositions for treating radioactive materials.

Abstract: Methods of treating hazardous materials, such as, for example, contaminated soils, are disclosed. In one aspect, a method may include treating a contaminated soil with a hazardous material treatment composition to form a resulting material. In one aspect, the hazardous material treatment composition may include mostly salt, and from 0.5 to 15 wt % sorbent. The method may further include treating the resulting material with one or more inorganic binding agents. Other methods of treating hazardous materials are also disclosed, as well as compositions for treating hazardous materials.

Abstract: A reactor comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a conically spiraling fluid flow channel coupled between the inlet and the outlet. The reactor may be an electrochemical reactor comprising a fluid flow channel that spirals about an axis, the fluid flow channel comprising an anode, a cathode across from the anode, and a membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The reactor may have a number of design parameters that are based upon one or more reaction species and that favor the occurrence of a reaction associated with the species. The reactor may be used for the electrolysis of water or for the production of other chemical products.