Abstract: An attractive, decorative naturally-appearing stained color can be given to wooden members by contacting the wood with a basic aqueous medium at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Deicing chemicals intended primarily for decing pavement such as roads, bridges, and runways are prepared from polysaccharide sources (e.g., waste products such as sawdust) by reaction at a pressure of less than 600 psi and a temperature less than 200.degree. C. with a treating agent comprising alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates or a mixture thereof and excess oxygen in the presence of water followed by the removal of oxalate and the treating agent. The reaction produces a liquid or a liquid/solid reaction product wherein the liquid contains the deicing chemical and the solid comprises a valuable pulp by-product. Calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide may be added to reduce the pressure resulting from the formation of large amounts of carbon dioxide during the reaction process and to aid in the removal of any oxalic acid formed during the reaction process.

Abstract: De-icing chemicals intended primarily for de-icing pavement such as roads, ridges, and runways are prepared from polysaccharide sources (e.g. waste products such as sawdust) by reaction at elevated pressure and temperature with alkaline earth metal oxides or hydroxides in the presence of water. The de-icing chemicals are impure mixtures of alkaline earth metal salts of acetic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid with the mixture being substantially free of alkaline earth metal salts of oxalic acid and formic acid. The de-icing chemicals are intended to be a substitute for the inorganic chloride salts (e.g. sodium chloride) commonly used for de-icing highways.

Abstract: Aryl esters and thioesters of indole-3-alkanoic acids, such as indole-3-acetaic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, are prepared by chemical reaction of the acid with a phenol, substituted phenol, or thiophenol in a tertiary amine solvent. A phosphorus or sulfur halide in a suitable solvent is added dropwise to the cold amine solution. The reaction produced is separated and purified by standard methods. Phenyl-indole-3-thiolobutyrate as well as other aryl esters of indole-3-alkanoic acids is effective as an auxin plant growth regulator and adventitious root initiator.

Abstract: Aryl esters and substituted aryl esters of indole-3-alkanoic acids, such as indole-3-acetic and indole-3-butyric acids, are prepared by a chemical reaction mixture of the acid, a phenol, thiophenol or substituted phenol, a halogenated alkylpyridinium salt, and a tertiary amine in an organic solvent, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and isolating and purifying the product by standard procedures. An aryl amine or substituted aryl amine is substituted for phenol in the reaction mixture when the N-phenyl or N-substituted phenyl indolyl-3-acetamide or butyramide is the desired product. N-phenyl or N-substituted phenyl indolyl-3-acetamides are particularly effective as auxin plant growth regulators and adventitions root initiators.

Abstract: Aryl esters of auxins, such as phenyl indole-3-butyrate, are found to significantly improve the initiation of rooting of cuttings is difficult-to-root species, such as pinus.