Abstract: An electrochemical device (10) capable of generating oxygen from air (23) upon application of an electrical current, is made containing a plurality of adjacent cells (12) and (12') electrically connected in series, where each cell contains optional support (22), inner, porous oxygen electrode (20), dense, solid oxide electrolyte (14) on top of the inner oxygen electrode, and outer, porous air electrode (16) on top of the electrolyte, where dense segments of interconnection material (18) are disposed between cells, the interconnection electrically connecting the outer air electrode from one cell to the inner oxygen electrode from an adjacent cell, where the device contains gas impermeable, dense, contacting segments of electrolyte (14) and interconnection material (18) and can contain two end portions at least one of which provides for oxygen delivery.

Abstract: An integrated gasification iron-air electrical system, capable of generating electrical energy from a carbon containing material, is made, the system containing a gasification furnace having at least one gasification reactor zone where a carbonaceous material contacts and reacts with a gas containing steam, to produce a hot gas reaction product containing CO and H.sub.2 ; where the hot gas then contacts discharged iron electrodes at over 450.degree. C., to convert discharged iron compounds to iron compounds, and the recharged iron electrodes are then placed in iron-air cells which generate electrical energy.

Abstract: The iron electrodes of a battery are recharged by removing them from the battery, heating them in a reducing gas atmosphere at over about 450.degree. C., for a sufficient time to convert discharged iron compounds to charged iron compounds, and then cooling the charged electrodes.

Abstract: An iron-silver battery is made, consisting of at least one positive electrode plate and at least one negative electrode plate housed in a case containing an alkaline electrolyte; where the positive plate comprises a silver supporting plaque containing silver active battery material, the negative plate comprises an expansible, diffusion bonded, metal fiber supporting plaque containing iron oxide active battery material with a sulfur additive, and the plates are separated from each other by a material that is not chemically attacked by the electrolyte or ions contained in the electrolyte. The silver electrode is disposed between and contacts 60% to 90% porous separators and a microporous separator contacts the porous separator forming a multi-ply laminate.