Abstract: A set of visual targets and a method for using these targets to evaluate the spatial frequency response and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The invention includes four choice test, six choice test, sinusoidal bulls eye and fundamental sinusoidal letters or optotype targets. The four and six choice targets feature sinusoidal gratings oriented vertically, horizontally and at angles thereto. The sinusoidal bull's eye target features concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a radial sinusoidal fashion. The fundamental sinusoidal optotype target features an optotype, such as a letter, that is made up of strokes, each of which have a width that is equal to ½ of a single sinusoidal period.

Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, components, and operations of multi-focal intraocular lens systems, including range finding for driving same and for discriminating between multiple objects and varying brightness conditions. The invention also pertains to intraocular photosensors and range-finding methods to be used with intra-ocular lens systems, and components, that provide multi-focal IOL capabilities in dynamic visual environments.

Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, components, and operations of multi-focal intraocular lens systems, including range finding for driving same and for discriminating between multiple objects and varying brightness conditions. The invention also pertains to intraocular photosensors and range-finding methods to be used with intra-ocular lens systems, and components, that provide multi-focal IOL capabilities in dynamic visual environments.

Abstract: A set of visual targets and a method for using these targets to evaluate the spatial frequency response and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The invention includes four choice test, six choice test, sinusoidal bulls eye and fundamental sinusoidal letters or optotype targets. The four and six choice targets feature sinusoidal gratings oriented vertically, horizontally and at angles thereto. The sinusoidal bull's eye target features concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a radial sinusoidal fashion. The fundamental sinusoidal optotype target features an optotype, such as a letter, that is made up of strokes, each of which have a width that is equal to ½ of a single sinusoidal period.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus for measuring spatial distances within a patient's eye is disclosed. The apparatus can be used to measure, for example, the capsular bag depth in an aphakic eye. The spatial measurement system can direct laser light into a patient's eye so that a portion of the light is scattered by the capsular bag. The scattered light can be directed to a detector where spots can be formed corresponding to the locations on the capsular bag from which the light was scattered. The distance from the cornea to the capsular bag can be determined based, for example, at least in part on the distance between the spots formed on the detector. In some embodiments, the apparatus can include a surgical microscope and/or a wavefront aberrometer. In some embodiments, an alignment system can be used to precisely position the apparatus relative to the patient's eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic method for determining a relationship between aphakic ocular power and estimated effective lens position (ELP) of an intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted in a patient's eye. The method can be used to determine an estimate of the ELP of an IOL given the aphakic ocular power of the patient's eye, for example, without measurement of the corneal curvature or axial length of the patient's eye. The estimate of ELP can then be used to determine a suitable value of optical power for the IOL to be implanted in the patient's eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic system for use in performing angular measurements in relation to a patient's eye. The ophthalmic system can include an optical angular measurement device that can provide angular indicia by, for example, projecting an image of an angular measurement reticle onto a patient's eye or by superimposing an image of an angular measurement reticle onto an image of the patient's eye. The ophthalmic system can include an optical refractive power measurement device for providing desired angular orientations for ocular implants or for incisions. The ophthalmic system can be used, for example, to align a toric intraocular lens to a desired angular orientation.

Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, components, and operations of multi-focal intraocular lens systems, including range finding for driving same and for discriminating between multiple objects and varying brightness conditions. The invention also pertains to intraocular photosensors and range-finding methods to be used with intra-ocular lens systems, and components, that provide multi-focal IOL capabilities in dynamic visual environments.

Abstract: A set of visual targets and a method for using these targets to evaluate the spatial frequency response and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The invention includes four choice test, six choice test, sinusoidal bulls eye and fundamental sinusoidal letters or optotype targets. The four and six choice targets feature sinusoidal gratings oriented vertically, horizontally and at angles thereto. The sinusoidal bull's eye target features concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a radial sinusoidal fashion. The fundamental sinusoidal optotype target features an optotype, such as a letter, that is made up of strokes, each of which have a width that is equal to ½ of a single sinusoidal period.

Abstract: A set of visual targets and a method for using these targets to evaluate the spatial frequency response and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The invention includes four choice test, six choice test, sinusoidal bulls eye and fundamental sinusoidal letters or optotype targets. The four and six choice targets feature sinusoidal gratings oriented vertically, horizontally and at angles thereto. The sinusoidal bull's eye target features concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a radial sinusoidal fashion. The fundamental sinusoidal optotype target features an optotype, such as a letter, that is made up of strokes, each of which have a width that is equal to ½ of a single sinusoidal period.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques for performing prolate shaped corneal reshaping. In accordance with the techniques, an ablation scanning laser system includes fitter modules to fit input refractive or topographical measurement data to a three (3) variable ellipsoid model. This provides pre- and post-operative approximations of a cornea. A desired prolate shaped ablation profile is determined based on a desired prolate ellipsoidal shape. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the spheroequivalent ellipsoid model has only three degrees of freedom (not four as in a conventional biconic technique) to define a desired ablation profile, providing extremely accurate and predictable long term vision correction. To arrive at an ellipsoid model having only three numbers of freedom, a spheroequivalent (SEQ) value of asphericity QSEQ is generated. The spheroequivalent eccentricity QSEQ value replaces two degrees of freedom (i.e.

Abstract: A method of tracking an eye during vision correction treatment includes cutting corneal tissue to define a cut edge. At least a portion of the cut edge is tracked to track eye movements. In one embodiment, the corneal tissue is cut to define a flap-like layer such that fluid gathers near the cut edge. The fluid is illuminated prior to tracking the cut edge.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and techniques for performing prolate shaped corneal reshaping using an ellipsoid corneal modeler. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, an ellipsoid corneal modeler is implemented with the well behaved conicoid, combined with a modeled surface which can be used for astigmatic treatments.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and techniques for performing prolate shaped corneal reshaping using an ellipsoid corneal modeler. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, an ellipsoid corneal modeler is implemented with the well behaved conicoid, combined with a modeled surface which can be used for astigmatic treatments.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for predicting visual acuity to the subject due to change in spherocylindrical refractive error of the subject's eye utilizing measurements of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity and spherical cylindrical refractive error. A defocus equivalent is calculated and predictions of uncorrected visual acuity is made through the use of a defocused acuity graph.

Abstract: A brightness acuity tester to assess functional visual acuity in bright light conditions and to test for recovery of visual activity after photostressing the retina is disclosed. The tester essentially comprises a device closed in one direction and open in an opposite direction, an aperture provided in the device, a source of illumination mounted within the device, a plug designed removably to be positioned in the aperture to seal the same, and a power source coupled to the source of illumination via a switch. Preferably, the source of illumination is provided with anintensity control and the power source with a voltage regulator. Preferably, the device comprises a reflector having diffusely reflecting characteristics. Preferably, the power source is a battery, making the tester a hand-held one.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for determining the visual integrity of an individual is disclosed. An equal amount of visible light intensity is provided to the right and left eyes by viewing a target through a binocular viewing mechanism. The eyes of the individual are adapted to the equal intensities of light for an adaptation period and the individual then adjusts the light intensity until the perceived light intensity in each eye is equal. The difference between the light intensities provided to the right and left eyes are measured, which provides an indication of the visual integrity of the individual.