Abstract: In one aspect the disclosure relations to means and methods for identifying a protein or a DNA encoding the protein, involved in the production of a product by a micro-organism. In the methods the micro-organism is cultured under different culture conditions each of which exhibit a different level of the product that is produced by the micro-organism. The genetic expression of the genes of the micro-organism is compared with the level of the product, and groups of DNAs are identified that are involved in the production of the product by the micro-organism.

Abstract: In one aspect the disclosure relations to means and methods for identifying a protein or a DNA encoding the protein, involved in the production of a product by a micro-organism. In the methods the micro-organism is cultured under different culture conditions each of which exhibit a different level of the product that is produced by the micro-organism. The genetic expression of the genes of the micro-organism is compared with the level of the product, and groups of DNAs are identified that are involved in the production of the product by the micro-organism.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for incorporating non-native amino acids into a single polypeptide. In one example, an isolated modified suppressor tRNA is disclosed that includes the following: a modified tRNAcys, wherein the tRNAcys has been modified so that an anticodon of the tRNA is complementary to a stop codon; a cysteine amino acid residue is covalently linked to the modified tRNAcys by aminoacylation generating a chemically reactive sulfhydryl side chain; and a detectable label is covalently linked to the sulfhydryl side chain. Methods for incorporating non-native amino acids into a single polypeptide utilizing the disclosed isolated modified suppressor tRNAs are also disclosed.