Abstract: Drivetrains and constant velocity joints for recreational vehicles are disclosed. These joints comprise a housing, an aperture for connecting with an axle, and interior components for rotatably connecting the axle to the housing. Various retention mechanisms improve the retention of constant velocity joints, including hydraulic-based, disc-based, pin-based, spline-based, and spring ring-based mechanisms. Hydraulic-based systems utilize adjustable hydraulic pressure for maintaining engagement. Disc-based mechanisms employ a conical disc that provides additional frictional force to resist pull-out forces. Pin-based retention involves drive pads or pins and corresponding tracks or grooves in the shaft interfacing gear. Spline-based mechanisms include a toolless locking half shaft retention system with rotating, interrupted splines. Spring ring-based retention features multiple flexible retaining rings placed axially along the spline, providing improved shaft retention.

Abstract: A device which can increase the rates of interfacial reactions including heterogeneous electron transfer reactions, the device comprising at least one sono(electro)chemical cell adapted to hold a thin layer of condensed fluid which is optionally adapted to participate in a heterogeneous electron transfer reaction, wherein the cell is further adapted to provide an ultrasonic transducer face to propagate sound waves into the thin layer of condensed fluid, and wherein the cell is still further adapted with an opening to provide the thin layer of condensed fluid with at least one interface which provides for reflection of the sound waves from the interface back into the thin layer of condensed fluid. The cells are configured to provide for a thin layer operation as opposed to a bulk operation. In method embodiments, ultrasound is applied to the thin layer of condensed fluid. The application of ultrasound is carried out both without cooling of the cell and without pressurization of the cell.

Abstract: A device which can increase the rates of interfacial reactions including heterogeneous electron transfer reactions, the device comprising at least one sono(electro)chemical cell adapted to hold a thin layer of condensed fluid which is optionally adapted to participate in a heterogeneous electron transfer reaction, wherein the cell is further adapted to provide an ultrasonic transducer face to propagate sound waves into the thin layer of condensed fluid, and wherein the cell is still further adapted with an opening to provide the thin layer of condensed fluid with at least one interface which provides for reflection of the sound waves from the interface back into the thin layer of condensed fluid. The cells are configured to provide for a thin layer operation as opposed to a bulk operation. In method embodiments, ultrasound is applied to the thin layer of condensed fluid. The application of ultrasound is carried out both without cooling of the cell and without pressurization of the cell.