Abstract: A method for protecting human arterial endothelial cells from endothelial cell dysfunction. The method includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition over a sufficient period of time to stimulate the endothelial cells themselves to produce NO resulting in the protection of the endothelial cells and the vasculature from endothelial cell dysfunction.

Abstract: A method for protecting human arterial endothelial cells from endothelial cell dysfunction. The method includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition over a sufficient period of time to stimulate NOS and protecting human arterial endothelial cells from endothelial cell dysfunction.

Abstract: Aspects of the methods include volumetrically imaging testicular tissue by optical coherence tomography to identify a testicular tissue location that is likely to contain sperm; and m-mode scanning using optical coherence tomography the identified testicular location to determine whether sperm are at least likely to be present at the location. Methods may further include harvesting sperm from the location, e.g., for use in in vitro fertilization. Also provided are devices and systems for practicing the methods.

Abstract: Compositions for treating erectile dysfunction (“ED”), including age related erectile dysfunction (ARED), comprise in a preferred embodiment ginger and an amino acid. Preferably the amino acid is L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Additionally, the compositions may comprise guarana (Paullinia cupana), Muira puama cortex Magnoliae officinalis (CMO) and/or Fructus aurantil immaturus (FAI). The compositions of the present inventions are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount to treat erectile dysfunction. Essential ingredients in formulations of the present inventions for treatment of ED and ARED are ginger (or ginger derivative) and L-citrulline or L-arginine. A daily dosage of at least about 250 mg ginger and at least about 400 mg L-citrulline or L-arginine for a sufficient period of time will result in improved IIEF scores in a substantial number of patients.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing treatment of orthopedic ailments stimulates iNOS and enhances treatment of orthopedic ailments when a pharmaceutically effective amount is administered over a sufficient period of time. The composition comprises ginger, Muira puama, Paullinia cupana, and at least one of the group consisting of L-arginine and L-citrulline.

Abstract: A method for treatment of constipation and other ailments of the gastrointestinal system includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition over a sufficient period of time that results in the production of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal cells and ultimately has beneficial results in treating constipation and other ailments of the gastrointestinal system. The composition comprises ginger or a ginger derivative, muira puama, and paullinia cupana that stimulates nitric oxide in gastrointestinal cells to increase NO and improve bowel functioning thereof.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing treatment of orthopedic ailments stimulates iNOS and enhances treatment of orthopedic ailments when a pharmaceutically effective amount is administered over a sufficient period of time. The composition comprises ginger, Muira puama, Paullinia cupana, and at least one of the group consisting of L-arginine and L-citrulline.

Abstract: The present methods and compositions are of use for treatment of conditions involving fibrosis, such as Peyronie's disease plaque, penile corporal fibrosis, penile veno-occlusive dysfunction, Dupuytren's disease nodules, vaginal fibrosis, clitoral fibrosis, female sexual arousal disorder, abnormal wound healing, keloid formation, general fibrosis of the kidney, bladder, prostate, skin, liver, lung, heart, intestines or any other localized or generalized fibrotic condition, vascular fibrosis, arterial intima hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension or any condition characterized by excessive fibroblast or smooth muscle cell proliferation or deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix in the blood vessels and/or heart.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing treatment of orthopedic ailments stimulates iNOS and enhances treatment of orthopedic ailments when a pharmaceutically effective amount is administered over a sufficient period of time. The composition comprises ginger, Muira puama, Paullinia cupana, and at least one of the group consisting of L-arginine and L-citrulline.

Abstract: Compositions for treating erectile dysfunction (“ED”), including age related erectile dysfunction (ARED), comprise in a preferred embodiment ginger and an amino acid. Preferably the amino acid is L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Additionally, the compositions may comprise guarana (Paullinia cupana), Muira puama cortex Magnoliae officinalis (CMO) and/or Fructus aurantil immaturus (FAI). The compositions of the present inventions are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount to treat erectile dysfunction. Essential ingredients in formulations of the present inventions for treatment of ED and ARED are ginger (or ginger derivative) and L-citrulline or L-arginine. A daily dosage of at least about 250 mg ginger and at least about 400 mg L-citrulline or L-arginine for a sufficient period of time will result in improved IIEF scores in a substantial number of patients.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing treatment of orthopedic ailments stimulates iNOS and enhances treatment of orthopedic ailments when a pharmaceutically effective amount is administered over a sufficient period of time. The composition comprises ginger, Muira puama, Paullinia cupana, and at least one of the group consisting of L-arginine and L-citrulline.

Abstract: Compositions for treating erectile dysfunction (“ED”), including age related erectile dysfunction (ARED), comprise in a preferred embodiment ginger and an amino acid. Preferably the amino acid is L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Additionally, the compositions may comprise guarana (Paullinia cupana), Muira puama cortex magnoliae officinalis (CMO) and/or fructus aurantil immaturus (FAI). The compositions of the present inventions are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount to treat erectile dysfunction. Essential ingredients in formulations of the present inventions for treatment of ED and ARED are ginger (or ginger derivative) and L-citrulline or L-arginine. A daily dosage of at least about 250 mg ginger and at least about 400 mg L-citrulline or L-arginine for a sufficient period of time will result in improved IIEF scores in a substantial number of patients.

Abstract: The present methods and compositions are of use for treatment of conditions involving fibrosis, such as Peyronie's disease plaque, penile corporal fibrosis, penile veno-occlusive dysfunction, Dupuytren's disease nodules, vaginal fibrosis, clitoral fibrosis, female sexual arousal disorder, abnormal wound healing, keloid formation, general fibrosis of the kidney, bladder, prostate, skin, liver, lung, heart, intestines or any other localized or generalized fibrotic condition, vascular fibrosis, arterial intima hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension or any condition characterized by excessive fibroblast or smooth muscle cell proliferation or deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix in the blood vessels and/or heart.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing treatment of orthopedic ailments stimulates iNOS and enhances treatment of orthopedic ailments when a pharmaceutically effective amount is administered over a sufficient period of time. The composition comprises ginger, Muira puama, Paullinia cupana, and at least one of the group consisting of L-arginine and L-citrulline.

Abstract: The duration of treatment of erectile dysfunction (“ED”) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors can be extended by concomitant administrations of compositions comprising ginger, and a compound that produces L-arginine in vivo. Preferred compositions of the present invention comprise ginger, L-citrulline, Muira Puama and Paullinia cupana. The compositions are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount for a sufficient period of time to treat or as a prophylaxis against ED or conditions associated with tissue fibrosis.

Abstract: The present methods and compositions are of use for treatment of conditions involving fibrosis, such as Peyronie's disease plaque, penile corporal fibrosis, penile veno-occlusive dysfunction, Dupuytren's disease nodules, vaginal fibrosis, clitoral fibrosis, female sexual arousal disorder, abnormal wound healing, keloid formation, general fibrosis of the kidney, bladder, prostate, skin, liver, lung, heart, intestines or any other localized or generalized fibrotic condition, vascular fibrosis, arterial intima hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension or any condition characterized by excessive fibroblast or smooth muscle cell proliferation or deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix in the blood vessels and/or heart.

Abstract: The present methods and compositions are of use for treatment of conditions involving fibrosis, such as Peyronie's disease plaque, penile corporal fibrosis, penile veno-occlusive dysfunction, Dupuytren's disease nodules, vaginal fibrosis, clitoral fibrosis, female sexual arousal disorder, abnormal wound healing, keloid formation, general fibrosis of the kidney, bladder, prostate, skin, liver, lung, heart, intestines or any other localized or generalized fibrotic condition, vascular fibrosis, arterial intima hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension or any condition characterized by excessive fibroblast or smooth muscle cell proliferation or deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix in the blood vessels and/or heart.

Abstract: Compositions for treating erectile dysfunction (“ED”), including age related erectile dysfunction (ARED), comprise in a preferred embodiment ginger and an amino acid. Preferably the amino acid is L-arginine and/or L-citrulline. Additionally, the compositions may comprise guarana (Paullinia cupana), Muira puama cortex magnoliae officinalis (CMO) and/or fructus aurantil immaturus (FAI). The compositions of the present inventions are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount to treat erectile dysfunction. Essential ingredients in formulations of the present inventions for treatment of ED and ARED are ginger (or ginger derivative) and L-citrulline or L-arginine. A daily dosage of at least about 250 mg ginger and at least about 400 mg L-citrulline or L-arginine for a sufficient period of time will result in improved IIEF scores in a substantial number of patients.

Abstract: The present methods and compositions are of use for treatment of conditions involving fibrosis, such as Peyronie's disease plaque, penile corporal fibrosis, penile veno-occlusive dysfunction, Dupuytren's disease nodules, vaginal fibrosis, clitoral fibrosis, female sexual arousal disorder, abnormal wound healing, keloid formation, general fibrosis of the kidney, bladder, prostate, skin, liver, lung, heart, intestines or any other localized or generalized fibrotic condition, vascular fibrosis, arterial intima hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension or any condition characterized by excessive fibroblast or smooth muscle cell proliferation or deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix in the blood vessels and/or heart.

Abstract: A method comprising inhibiting myostatin expression or activity to increase muscle mass. Still further, methods for locally inhibiting myostatin expression or activity to reduce fibrosis are provided. The method comprises introducing a nucleotide sequence into a vector wherein the nucleotide sequence is expressed as a shRNA having a property to inhibit myostatin expression. The vector including the sequence may be delivered to a mammalian tissue. An electrical pulse may be applied across a point of delivery. A composition comprising a vector having a nucleotide sequence wherein the nucleotide sequence is expressed as a shRNA having a property to inhibit myostatin expression is further provided.