Abstract: A system and method for detecting a single-molecule using an integrated circuit which includes at least one membrane having a nanopore located between first and second reservoirs and a low-noise preamplifier having an electrode formed on the surface thereof is provided. The method includes passing a target molecule through the nanopore, and measuring a current through the nanopore to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity, if any.

Abstract: A method for lengthening telomeres, for countering oxidative damage to DNA caused by free radicals, and for reducing UV-induced skin aging, the method comprising combining nutrients, in at least one of a capsule, tablet, softgel, powder, or liquid form, 20 mcg-20 mg astaxanthin/day with at least one of 100-5,000 IU vitamin D/day, 1-100 mg zinc/day, 1-500 mg niacinamide/day, 1-1,000 IU vitamin E/day, 1 mcg-100 mg lycopene/day, 1 mcg-100 mg beta-carotene/day, 1 mcg-500 mcg selenium/day, 1 mcg-100 mg lutein/day, and 1 mcg-100 mg zeaxanthin/day.

Abstract: Method for interfacing an integrated circuit with a biological ion channel, the integrated circuit being at least partially disposed within an electrolytic solution and including an amplifier and one or more electrodes on a surface thereof, includes forming one or more microwells proximate the one or more electrodes, applying a lipid membrane over the integrated circuit proximate the microwells, and placing a further electrode in the electrolytic solution proximate the lipid membrane on a side opposite the integrated circuit. A biological ion channel interface is also provided.

Abstract: A nutraceutical composition for inhibiting telomere shortening, for countering oxidative damage to DNA caused by free radicals, and for reducing UV-induced skin aging, the composition comprising a step of combining, in at least one of a capsule, tablet, softgel, powder, or liquid form, 20 mcg-20 mg astaxanthin/day with at least one of 100-5,000 IU vitamin D/day, 1-100 mg zinc/day, 1-500 mg niacinamide/day, 1-1,000 IU vitamin E/day, 1 mcg-100 mg lycopene/day, 1 mcg-100 mg beta-carotene/day, 1 mcg-500 mcg selenium/day, 1 mcg-100 mg lutein/day, and 1 mcg-100 mg zeaxanthin/day.

Abstract: A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated junction field effect transistor (JFET) has reduced scale and reduced noise. An exemplary JFET has a substrate layer of one dopant type with a gate layer of that dopant type disposed on the substrate, a depletion channel of a second dopant type disposed on the first gate layer, and a second gate layer of the first dopant type disposed on the depletion channel and proximate a surface of the transistor. The second gate layer can separate the depletion channel from the surface, and the depletion channel separates the first gate layer from the second gate layer.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a single-molecule using an integrated circuit which includes at least one membrane having a nanopore located between first and second reservoirs and a low-noise preamplifier having an electrode formed on the surface thereof is provided. The method includes passing a target molecule through the nanopore, and measuring a current through the nanopore to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity, if any.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a single-molecule using an integrated circuit which includes at least one membrane having a nanopore located between first and second reservoirs and a low-noise preamplifier having an electrode formed on the surface thereof is provided. The method includes passing a target molecule through the nanopore, and measuring a current through the nanopore to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity, if any.

Abstract: A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated junction field effect transistor (JFET) has reduced scale and reduced noise. An exemplary JFET has a substrate layer of one dopant type with a gate layer of that dopant type disposed on the substrate, a depletion channel of a second dopant type disposed on the first gate layer, and a second gate layer of the first dopant type disposed on the depletion channel and proximate a surface of the transistor. The second gate layer can separate the depletion channel from the surface, and the depletion channel separates the first gate layer from the second gate layer.

Abstract: Method for interfacing an integrated circuit with a biological ion channel, the integrated circuit being at least partially disposed within an electrolytic solution and including an amplifier and one or more electrodes on a surface thereof, includes forming one or more microwells proximate the one or more electrodes, applying a lipid membrane over the integrated circuit proximate the microwells, and placing a further electrode in the electrolytic solution proximate the lipid membrane on a side opposite the integrated circuit. A biological ion channel interface is also provided.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a single-molecule using an integrated circuit which includes at least one membrane having a nanopore located between first and second reservoirs and a low-noise preamplifier having an electrode formed on the surface thereof is provided. The method includes passing a target molecule through the nanopore, and measuring a current through the nanopore to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity, if any.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a pump; a gas pressure sensor; a microfluidic chip defining a microfluidic conduit; and a gas conduit providing fluid communication between the pump, the gas sensor and the microfluidic conduit; and a controller coupled to the pump and the gas pressure sensor, whereby the controller controls the pump, thereby controlling the gas pressure at the microfluidic conduit. An apparatus includes a microfluidic chip defining a microfluidic conduit extending from a microfluidic source electrode to a microfluidic ground electrode; a first resistor coupled to the microfluidic source electrode; a first and a second voltage divider, the first divider coupling a first power ground to a side of the first resistor opposite the microfluidic chip, the second divider coupling a second power ground to the lead between the first resistor and the microfluidic source electrode, and a first voltage sensor; and a second voltage sensor. Also included are methods of operating the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a pump; a gas pressure sensor; a microfluidic chip defining a microfluidic conduit; and a gas conduit providing fluid communication between the pump, the gas sensor and the microfluidic conduit; and a controller coupled to the pump and the gas pressure sensor, whereby the controller controls the pump, thereby controlling the gas pressure at the microfluidic conduit. An apparatus includes a microfluidic chip defining a microfluidic conduit extending from a microfluidic source electrode to a microfluidic ground electrode; a first resistor coupled to the microfluidic source electrode; a first and a second voltage divider, the first divider coupling a first power ground to a side of the first resistor opposite the microfluidic chip, the second divider coupling a second power ground to the lead between the first resistor and the microfluidic source electrode, and a first voltage sensor; and a second voltage sensor. Also included are methods of operating the apparatus.