Abstract: This invention describes a method of removing N-terminal alanine residues from polypeptides, preferably recombinant proteins, using an aminopeptidase derived from the marine bacterium Aeromonas proteolytica. Accordingly, Aeromonas aminopeptidase (AAP; E.C. 3.4.11.10) can be used to remove N-terminal alanyl residues from derivatives of human somatotropin (hST, human growth hormone, or hGH), porcine somatotropin (pST), and bovine somatotropin (bST), for example, to yield proteins having their native amino acid sequences. The enzyme reactions can be carried out in free solution, or the AAP can be immobilized on a solid support, for reactions carried out in vitro. An efficient method for converting Ala-hGH to hGH, for example, comprises expression of Ala-hGH in E. coli, recovery of inclusion bodies, solubilization and refolding in detergent, detergent removal by ultrafiltration, selective precipitation, enzyme cleavage, followed by two column chromatography steps.

Abstract: This invention describes a method of removing N-terminal alanine residues from polypeptides, preferably recombinant proteins, using an aminopeptidase derived from the marine bacterium Aeromonas proteolytica. Accordingly, Aeromonas aminopeptidase (AAP; E.C. 3.4.11.10) can be used to remove N-terminal alanyl residues from derivatives of human somatotropin (hST, human growth hormone, or hGH), porcine somatotropin (pST), and bovine somtotropin (bST), for example, to yield proteins having their native amino acid sequences. The enzyme reactions can be carried out in free solution, or the AAP can be immobilized on a solid support, for reactions carried out in vitro. An efficient method for converting Ala-hGH to hGH, for example, comprises expression of Ala-hGH in E. coli, recovery of inclusion bodies, solubilization and refolding in detergent, detergent removal by ultrafiltration, selective precipitation, enzyme cleavage, followed by two column chromatography steps.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel water soluble metal working fluid compositions, their use to work metal, a process for working metal using such compositions and the metal worked article of manufacture. More particularly, this invention relates to fluid compositions useful in cutting, grinding, shaping and other metal working operations which require a lubricant. The terms “first Group A” and “second Group B” are used herein to denote different groups and not to indicate any sequence of use or selection as any possible combination or sequence of use of a component(s) is envisioned without limit of any kind. The disclosed fluid compositions are also anticorrosive and environmentally more acceptable than current oil based fluids.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel water soluble metal working fluid compositions, their use to work metal, a process for working metal using such compositions and the metal worked article of manufacture. More particularly, this invention relates to fluid compositions useful in cutting, grinding, shaping and other metal working operations which require a lubricant. The terms “first Group A” and “second Group B” are used herein to denote different groups and not to indicate any sequence of use or selection as any possible combination or sequence of use of a component(s) is envisioned without limit of any kind. The disclosed fluid compositions are also anticorrosive and environmentally more acceptable than current oil based fluids.

Abstract: A method for the solubilization and/or naturation of a somatotropin involves contacting a somatotropin with a detergent composition and water under conditions effective to obtain a naturated somatotropin, wherein the detergent composition may be a C10, C12, C16 or C18 acyl glutamate, a C10, C14 or C18 alkyl sulfate, an alcohol ethoxy sulfate, lauroyl ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (LEDA), a C10 to C18 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, diphenyl disulfonate or an acyl amino acid.

Abstract: A method for the solubilization and/or naturation of a somatotropin involves contacting a somatotropin with a detergent composition and water under conditions effective to obtain a naturated somatotropin, wherein the detergent composition may be a C10, C12, C16 or C18 acyl glutamate, a C10, C14 or C18 alkyl sulfate, an alcohol ethoxy sulfate, lauroyl ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (LEDA), a C10 to C18 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, diphenyl disulfonate or an acyl amino acid.

Abstract: A method for the solubilization and/or naturation of a somatotropin involves contacting a somatotropin with a detergent composition and water under conditions effective to obtain a naturated somatotropin, wherein the detergent composition may be a C10, C12, C16 or C18 acyl glutamate, a C10, C14 or C18 alkyl sulfate, an alcohol ethoxy sulfate, lauroyl ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (LEDA), a C10 to C18 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, diphenyl disulfonate or an acyl amino acid.

Abstract: A method for the solubilization and/or naturation of a somatotropin involves contacting a somatotropin with a detergent composition and water under conditions effective to obtain a naturated somatotropin, wherein the detergent composition may be a C.sub.10, C.sub.12, C.sub.16 or C.sub.18 acyl glutamate, a C.sub.10, C.sub.14 or C.sub.18 alkyl sulfate, an alcohol ethoxy sulfate, lauroyl ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (LEDA), a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, diphenyl disulfonate or an acyl amino acid.

Abstract: A regioselective process for the preparation of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is disclosed. A controlled aqueous coupling reaction between .beta.-methyl-L-aspartate-N-carboxyanhydride and L-phenylalanine produces the aspartyl methyl ester of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine which is subsequently hydrolyzed and selectively esterified without isolation. The hydrochloride salt of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, which is selectively precipitated from the esterification mixture, can be neutralized to .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester.

Abstract: A phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride, named 7-phenyloctane-(1,2),(5,6)-dianhydride, is chemically synthesized by(a) alkylating alkyl 2,4-dihalobutyrate with alkyl 2-cyano-3-phenylbutyrate,(b) alkylating the resulting halide condensation product with a carboxylate selected from the group consisting of trialkyl ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate and dimethyl cyanoethane-1,2-dicarboxylate,(c) acid hydrolyzing the resulting tetra or pentaester accompanied by decarboxylating, and(d) dehydrating the resulting tetra-acid to yield the desired phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride,wherein the alkyls in the butyrate and carboxylate ester groups each contain from one to about four carbon atoms and halo is selected from the group consisting of bromo, chloro and iodo.

Abstract: A phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride, named 7-phenyloctane-(1,2),(5,6)-dianhydride, is chemically synthesized by(a) alkylating alkyl 2,4-dihalobutyrate with alkyl 2-cyano-3-phenylbutyrate,(b) alkylating the resulting halide condensation product with a carboxylate selected from the group consisting of trialkyl ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate and dimethyl cyanoethane-1,2-dicarboxylate,(c) acid hydrolyzing the resulting tetra or pentaester accompanied by decarboxylating, and(d) dehydrating the resulting tetra-acid to yield the desired phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride,wherein the alkyls in the butyrate and carboxylate ester groups each contain from one to about four carbon atoms and halo is selected from the group consisting of bromo, chloro and iodo.

Abstract: A phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride, names 7-phenyloctane-(1,2),(5,6)-dianhydride, is chemically synthesized by(a) alkylating alkyl 2,4-dihalobutyrate with alkyl 2-cyano-3-phenylbutyrate,(b) alkylating the resulting halide condensation product with a carboxylate selected from the group consisting of trialkyl ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate and dimethyl cyanoethane-1,2-dicarboxylate,(c) acid hydrolyzing the resulting tetra or pentaester accompanied by decarboxylating, and(d) dehydrating the resulting tetra-acid to yield the desired phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride,wherein the alkyls in the butyrate and carboxylate ester groups each contain from one to about four carbon atoms and halo is selected from the group consisting of bromo, chloro and iodo.The dimer has anti-tumor and anti-viral properties and can be used in silver halide emulsions.

Abstract: Mono-substituted terminal diesters of malonic acid are prepared by reaction of the corresponding substituted 1,2-diesters with alkali metal hydride in the presence of organic solvent medium.