Abstract: A sensor and a method of use may include a structure comprising a plurality of walls that define a plurality of air gaps in the structure, wherein each wall of the plurality of walls may include a plurality of surfaces. The sensor may include a functional layer, wherein the functional layer may be coated on the plurality of walls, wherein the functional layer comprises an extraction component to extract an analyte of interest, at least one amplification initiator to amplify the analyte of interest after extraction, and a material coating the plurality of walls providing an initial surface energy for at least a portion of the plurality of surfaces of the plurality of walls. The initial surface energy of at least the portion of the plurality of surfaces of the plurality of walls provided by the material coating may change when the analyte of interest is present.