Abstract: A sensor, a method of manufacture, and a method of use for detecting an analyte of interest in a fluid sample. The sensor may include a structure that may include a plurality of walls that define a plurality of air gaps in the structure, wherein the plurality of walls may include a plurality of surfaces. The sensor may further include a hydrophobic clickable layer, wherein the hydrophobic clickable layer may be coated on the plurality of walls. The sensor may further include a binding material, wherein the binding material may be coated on the plurality of walls to bind to an analyte of interest. An initial surface energy of at least a portion of the plurality of surfaces of the plurality of walls may change when the analyte of interest binds with the binding material.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting an analyte of interest in a fluid sample includes (i) a structure having a plurality of surficial walls that define a plurality of air gaps in the structure and (ii) a binding material. The structure is configured such that both a fluid sample lacking the analyte of interest and a fluid sample containing the analyte of interest are able to penetrate the plurality of air gaps. The binding material, which is present on the plurality of surficial walls, is able to bind the analyte of interest. The sensor is configured such that, when the analyte of interest binds to the binding material, a change in surface energy results within the plurality of surficial walls.