Abstract: Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining objects corresponding to a manufacturing period of three dimensional (3D) printing. In some examples, the method includes packing build volumes based on the objects. In some examples, the method includes simulating manufacturing powder degradation based on the build volumes. In some examples, the method includes determining a quantity of manufacturing powder consumption based on the manufacturing powder degradation. In some examples, the method includes adjusting a manufacturing parameter based on the quantity of manufacturing powder consumption.

Abstract: Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining a quantification of a spatial neighborhood of a voxel of a build volume. In some examples, the method includes predicting, using a machine learning model, a manufacturing powder degradation based on the quantification and a position of the voxel.

Abstract: An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.

Abstract: Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining, using a variational autoencoder model, a latent space representation based on a three-dimensional (3D) input. In some examples, the 3D input represents a build of manufacturing powder. In some examples, the method includes predicting manufacturing powder degradation based on the latent space representation.

Abstract: An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.

Abstract: Examples of methods for powder reclamation are described. In some examples, a method includes estimating powder degradation for voxels of a three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing build based on a simulation. In some examples, the method includes determining a quantity of reclamation powder. In some examples, the quantity of reclamation powder may be determined based on the estimated powder degradation.

Abstract: Examples of apparatuses for agent map generation are described. In some examples, an apparatus includes a memory to store a layer image. In some examples, the apparatus includes a processor coupled to the memory. In some examples, the processor is to generate, using a machine learning model, an agent map based on the layer image.

Abstract: Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes generating, using a first branch of a machine learning model, a first agent map based on a layer image. In some examples, the method includes generating, using a second branch of the machine learning model, a second agent map. In some examples, the first agent map and the second agent map indicate printing locations for different agents.

Abstract: Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining, using a variational autoencoder model, a latent space representation. In some examples, the latent space representation is of object model data. In some examples, the method includes predicting manufacturing powder degradation. In some examples, predicting the manufacturing powder degradation is based on the latent space representation.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes receiving object model data describing at least a portion of an object to be generated by additive manufacturing. Object generation instructions for generating the object in its entirety may be derived based on the object model data. Where it is determined that the object model data comprises a data deficiency for deriving the object generation instructions, at least one attribute for the object may be inferred and object generation instructions may be derived based on the object model data and the inferred attribute.

Abstract: An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

Abstract: Examples of a cosmetic agent are for three-dimensional (3D) printing. In an example, the cosmetic agent includes a dye, an oxidizing agent, and a solvent. The oxidizing agent is to react with an antioxidant in a build material to reduce reduction of the dye in the presence of the antioxidant.

Abstract: An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes receiving object model data describing at least a portion of an object to be generated by additive manufacturing. Object generation instructions for generating the object in its entirety may be derived based on the object model data. Where it is determined that the object model data comprises a data deficiency for deriving the object generation instructions, at least one attribute for the object may be inferred and object generation instructions may be derived based on the object model data and the inferred attribute.

Abstract: An agent distributor may be to selectively deliver agent at a first contone density and at a second contone density different from the first contone density respectively onto an interior portion and a surface portion of successive layers of build material in respective first and second patterns in accordance with data representing a three-dimensional object to be generated, so that the build material is to solidify to form slices of the three-dimensional object in accordance with the first and second patterns, and so that the three-dimensional object is to achieve a target surface roughness as a result of the second contone density of the second pattern.

Abstract: In an example, an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object includes a build area platform, a build material distributor, a secondary material ejection device, a coalescing agent ejection device, and a controller. The controller may control the secondary material ejection device to eject a secondary material in a predefined pattern over the build area platform, control the build material distributor to distribute a layer of the build material around the ejected secondary material, control the coalescing agent ejection device to eject the coalescing agent onto the layer of the build material, and control an energy source to apply energy onto the ejected coalescing agent to cause the build material in contact with the ejected coalescing agent to coalesce and solidify.

Abstract: An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.

Abstract: Examples analyze three-dimensional printing specifications associated with a three-dimensional printing device to determine test angles for a test object and test surfaces corresponding to the test angles for the test object. Examples generate the test object for color calibration for the three-dimensional printing device based at least in part on the test angles and test surfaces that are configured with at least one test color.

Abstract: An example of a penetrating agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a surfactant blend, a co-solvent, a humectant present in an amount ranging from about 2 wt % to about 10 wt %, based on a total weight of the penetrating agent, and a balance of water. The surfactant blend includes a first non-ionic surfactant having a first hydrophilic chain length, a second non-ionic surfactant, wherein the second non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a polyether siloxane and an alkoxylated alcohol, and an anionic surfactant.

Abstract: Examples of a cosmetic agent are for three-dimensional (3D) printing. In an example, the cosmetic agent includes a dye, an oxidizing agent, and a solvent. The oxidizing agent is to react with an antioxidant in a build material to reduce reduction of the dye in the presence of the antioxidant.