Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryptographic method of protecting an electronic chip against fraud and a device including an electronic chip which is adapted to protect the electronic chip against fraud. The method includes: mixing some or all of the input parameters (Em) to supply an output data item E?=(e?1, e?2, . . . , e?n, . . . , e?N), changing the state of a finite state automaton from an old state to a new state as a function of the data item E?=(e?1, e?2, . . . , e?n, . . . , e?N), and calculating a certificate (S) by means of an output function having at least one state of the automaton as an input argument. The device includes: mixing means, a finite state automaton, and output means for calculating a certificate (S).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryptographic method of protecting an electronic chip against fraud and a device including an electronic chip which is adapted to protect the electronic chip against fraud.

Abstract: A binary encoding method notably but not exclusively for the encoding of data elements designed to be represented sequentially, according to a preestablished order, for example in counters, inducing a uniform or substantially uniform mean changing rate for each of the binary elements, the data elements being encoded on two distinct fields of binary elements, a reference field and a permutation field, and the sequence of binary elements assigned to the permutation field undergoing a permutation as a function of the value contained in the reference field.

Abstract: A method is provided for consolidating a geological formation comprising the injection of a liquid organic mixture into the formation then injection of a hot inert gas mixture through said liquid mixture, so as to transform this liquid mixture by a thermal polymerization reaction into a substance binding the non consolidated elements of the formation. The injected liquid organic mixture contains at least one polyethylenic hydrocarbon to which a catalyst may be added.

Abstract: This process comprises injecting into the formations a liquid organic mixture containing at least one polymerizable chemical compound and a catalyst. The organic mixture reacts with a limited amount of a injected oxidizing gas to give a solid product which consolidates the formations without substantially reducing their permeability. The catalyst is characterized by the combination of lead and of at least an element of the group constituted by nickel, copper and zinc.

Abstract: This process comprises injecting into the formations a liquid organic mixture containing at least a polymerizable chemical compound and a catalyst. The organic mixture reacts with a limited amount of an injected oxidizing gas to give a solid product which consolidates the formations without substantially reducing their permeability. The catalyst is characterized by the combination of at least one element of the group constituted by barium, zirconium, cerium, and lanthanides (e.g. lanthanum) and at least one element selected from the group formed by vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt and zinc.

Abstract: This process comprises injecting into the formations a liquid organic mixture containing at least one polymerizable chemical compound and a catalyst. The organic mixture reacts with a limited amount of injected oxidizing gas to produce a solid compound which consolidates the formations without substantially reducing their permeability. The process is characterized by the combined use of a polyethylenic hydrocarbon and of a catalyst which comprises at least one element of the group consisting of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and lanthanides and at least one element selected from the group formed by vanadium, manganese, cobalt and zinc.