Abstract: A spent anode is replaced with a new anode in an electrolysis cell having an anode bus bar and an anode rod contacting the bus bar. A desired distance (D4) from the bus bar to a reference point on or adjacent to an anode rod for the new anode is calculated, the spent anode is replaced with a new anode so that the reference point on the new anode rod is spaced from the bus bar by an actual distance (D5), and the actual distance (D5) is measured at least once by means of a vision system. The actual distance (D5) is preferably adjusted using a feedback control loop in a computer so that D5 approaches the desired distance (D4).

Abstract: A spent anode is replaced with a new anode in an electrolysis cell having an anode bus bar and an anode rod contacting the bus bar. A desired distance (D4) from the bus bar to a reference point on or adjacent to an anode rod for the new anode is calculated, the spent anode is replaced with a new anode so that the reference point on the new anode rod is spaced from the bus bar by an actual distance (D5), and the actual distance (D5) is measured at least once by means of a vision system. The actual distance (D5) is preferably adjusted using a feedback control loop in a computer so that D5 approaches the desired distance (D4).

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for precise electrolytic precipitation and etching of metals up to the marginal area of printed-circuit board and printed-circuit film panel in a continuous-cycle plant. In continuous-cycle plants, the panels are grasped by clips at least at one edge. The clips are used for current supply to the panels and, if necessary, for transporting the latter. Among other factors, owing to the shielding effect of the clips there are great plate thickness differences in the marginal area of the panels. This marginal area cannot be used for precise printed-circuit boards. The invention improves the plate thickness distribution in this marginal area by separating the plant into several partial plants and a defined offset V of the clip gripping points from plant part to plant part. The offset is preferably adjusted to values corresponding to the quotient of the clip distance T and the number of subsequently arranged plant parts.

Abstract: Anti-wear and high pressure lubricating compositions with a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of at least one amine phosphate containing a terminal imide ring result from the reaction, under conditions for the formation of an amine salt, of at least one phosphate having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing usually from 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine.

Abstract: Amine phosphate having a terminal imide cycle resulting from the reaction, under formation conditions for an amine salt, of at least one phosphate complying with the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 stands for a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group normally having 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine. Preparation process in accordance with standard methods and use of these compounds as additives in fuels for engines, if appropriate in formulations containing a second constituent consisting of at least one product chosen from among the germination additives of paraffins, whereby said formulations can also contain at least one paraffin crystal growth inhibiting product.

Abstract: Polymer with a number average molecular weight of 400 to 20,000 having amino-substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound having a secondary amine function with 1 to 60 carbon atoms on an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated, aliphatic dicarboxylic compound having at least one alpha ethylene unsaturation of one of the carboxylic groups on at least one epoxidized compound having 2 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from among epoxyalkenes, ethers, epoxyalcohol esters and epoxyacid esters. Middle distillate composition having a distillation range of 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and incorporating a minor proportion, preferably 0.001 to 2% by weight, of at least one of the aforementioned polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for managing stores, in which objects are stored, removed and arranged. Said objects are stored not in accordance with an indexed classification but as a function of their dimensions and of the storage volumes available in the store and, at each instant, their location as well as the location and dimensions of the storage volumes still available are recorded. Said process is advantageously carried out for managing a library, videotheque, discotheque, archives, . . . . The present invention also relates to a device for carrying out said process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer of average molecular weight ranging from 400 to 20,000 comprising amino substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound with a primary amine function having 1 to 60 carbon atoms with an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic compound, comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation in the alpha position of one of the carboxyl groups, with at least one epoxidated compound having 4 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from ethers and esters of epoxyalcohols and esters of epoxyacids.Also disclosed is a middle distillate composition having a distillation range from 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and comprising a minor proportion, preferably from 0.001 to 2% in weight, of at least one of the polymers defined hereinabove.

Abstract: Polymer of average molecular weight ranging from 400 to 20 000 comprising amino substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound with a primary amine function having 1 to 60 carbon atoms with an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic compound, comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation in the alpha position of one of the carboxyl groups, with at least one epoxidated compound having 4 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from ethers and esters of epoxyalcohols and esters of epoxyacids.Middle distillate composition having a distillation range from 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and comprising a minor proportion, preferably from 0.001 to 2% in weight, of at least one of the polymers defined hereinabove.

Abstract: Formulations of additives for engine fuels comprising at least one constituent (A) and one constituent (B) resulting from the reaction of at least one alkenyl or polyalkenyl-succinic derivative with at least one polyamine to form constituent (A) and with at least one 1-(2-hydroethyl) imidazoline substituted in the 2-position by a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 1 to 25 atoms of carbon to form constituent (B). The preferred formulations also contain a constituent (C) consisting of at least one polyglycol soluble in said fuel, with an average molecular mass ranging from 480 to 2,100. The (A)/(B) and (A)+(B)/(C) molar ratios preferably are respectively 0.2/1 to 5/1 and 0.05/1 and 20/1.

Abstract: Copolymers of average number molecular weight from about 300 to 5,000 comprising recurrent units originating (A) from alpha olefins, (B) from .alpha.,.beta. unsaturated .alpha., .gamma. dicarboxylic compounds, (C) from unsaturated acid esters of 1,2-diols, optionally etherified or esterified, and (D) optionally from acrylic esters, the proportions of the recurrent units being 5-60% for (A), 10-70% for (B), 10-60% for (C) and 0-60% for (D), at least one of recurrent units (A), (B) and/or (C) comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and at least 10% of the recurrent units of said copolymer being (B) recurrent units of N-substituted imide type. These copolymers form additives useful to lower the pour point of middle distillates, particularly of gas-oils. The use of said additives at a concentration from 0.001 to 2% by weight results in a substantial decrease of the pour point of the treated middle distillates.

Abstract: Additive compositions, useful in particular for improving the cold filterability properties of oil middle distillates, comprise:(A) at least one ethylene polymer; and(B) at least one polymeric compound resulting from the condensation of at least one compound comprising a primary amine group, of formulaR--Z[(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH].sub.m H or HO--CH.sub.2 --R"--NH.sub.2wherein R is an alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.30, Z is --NH--, --NR'-- or --O--, R' being a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, n an integrer from 2 to 4 , m an integrer from 1 to 4 (or zero when Z is --NH--), R" is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkylene, with a copolymer of a linear .alpha.-olefin, of an unsaturated .alpha., .beta.-dicarboxylic compound and of an alkyl ester of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, or a vinyl ester of a saturated monocarboxylic acid.These additive compositions, used for example at concentrations from 50 to 500 g/m.sup.3, have a synergic effect on the filterability limit temperature of the middle distillates, particularly gas-oils.

Abstract: An additive composition having a dispersing effect in lubricating oils is obtained by reacting at least one substituted succinic anhydride with at least one alkylphenol and with hexamethylene tetramine, preferably in respective proportions of from 1 to 2 moles of substituted succinic anhydride per mole of the alkylphenol and from 1.2 to 2 amino equivalents of hexamethylene tetramine per mole of the substituted succinic anhydride.

Abstract: Copolymers with nitrogen groups are used as additives to lower the cloud point of middle distillates such as gas oils. They are obtained by reacting a compound having a primary amine group with a copolymer comprising from 20 to 40% of recurrent units from a linear .alpha.-olefin, from 30 to 70% of recurrent units from an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic compound, from 5 to 30% of recurrent units from an alkyl ester of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and from 5 to 15% of recurrent units from styrene or a styrene derivative.These additives also improve the limit filterability temperature and the pour point of the middle distillates.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat pump or a thermal engine with the vaporization and the condensation of a heat transfer fluid. The fluid is a chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, at least one chlorine atom per molecule and at most one chlorine atom per carbon atom, with the remainder consisting of fluorine, and said fluid having a critical temperature of at least 140.degree. C.

Abstract: There are disclosed lubricating compositions consisting of homogeneous mixtures of:a. from 50 to 99% by weight of at least one mineral or synthetic hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity,B. from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one complex ester composition formed as between at least one polycarboxylic acid selected from dimeric and trimeric unsaturated fatty acids, optionally hydrogenated, at least one dihydroxyl compound selected from polyalkylene glycols and diols, and at least one monofunctional compound comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid or at least one monohydroxyl compound selected from monohydric alcohols or monohydric phenols and oxyalkylenated monohydric alcohols or monohydric phenols, with the condition that one at least of the mono- or dihydroxyl compounds comprises a compound with oxyalkylene groups, andC. from 0 to 40% by weight of at least one light ester.