Abstract: A process for the preparation of tetrasubstituted cyclopropane compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of --CN and --COOR, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms with the 2 substituents not forming the ring being alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 on the one hand and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 on the other together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms which are useful intermediates for the preparation of insecticidal esters and novel intermediates.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is an aromatic group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, the Rs are alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together form a polymethylene of 2 to 3 carbon atoms and Z' is selected from the group consisting of --COOH and Z and Z is selected from the group consisting of cyano and --COOR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and their preparation which are useful for the preparation of 3-formyl-4-R.sub.2 R.sub.3 -but-3-ene-1-oic acid which is an intermediate for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen or the remainder of an alcohol of the formula R.sub.1 OH by the process of copending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 153,338 filed May 27, 1980.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is an aromatic group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, the Rs are alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together form a polymethylene of 2 to 3 carbon atoms and Z' is selected from the group consisting of --COOH and Z and Z is selected from the group consisting of cyano and --COOR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and their preparation which are useful for the preparation of 3-formyl-4-R.sub.2 R.sub.3 -but-3-ene-1-oic acid which is an intermediate for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen or the remainder of an alcohol of the formula R.sub.1 OH by the process of copending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application No. 153,338 filed May 27, 1980.

Abstract: Novel ethers of organic compounds containing chiral atoms of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrocarbonated chain of 1 to 10 groups, the said chain containing one or more heteroatoms, one or more unsaturations, the assembly of the groups constituting the chain may represent a mono- or polycyclic system, including a system of the spiro or endo type, the chain A can contain one or more chiral atoms or the lactone moiety can present a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the whole of the molecule and Z is selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol moiety containing at least an asymetric carbon atom, a phenol moiety substituted comprising at least one asymetric carbon atom and an substituted alcohol or phenol moiety with a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the whole of the molecule, with the proviso Z is not (R) or (S) .alpha.

Abstract: Ion exchange resins of the acid type at least partially salified with 7-bromo-6-chloro-febrifugin having very good coccidiostatic activity, a very good anti-leucocytozoonosis activity and a low toxicity and their preparation.

Abstract: Novel esters in all possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CN and --C.tbd.CH, Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 4 carbon atoms, 3,4-methylenedioxy, chlorine, fluorine and bromine, n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 may both be methyl or Z.sub.1 is hydrogen and Z.sub.2 is ##STR3## R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen, R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A passive limiter formed as a wave-guide, in at least one cross-section of the guide, by means of one or more resonating windows in which is shunt-mounted at least head-to-tail one pair of diodes having the same polarity and being disposed in the same plane. One or more such limiters may be contemplated for forming duplexers.

Abstract: Novel esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of carbamoyl and R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ', R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and --CN, R.sub.3 and R.sub.3 ' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkenyl of 2 to 3 carbon atoms and alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Y' is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## R.sub.4 ' and R.sub.5 ' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, fluorine, bromine, chlorine and R.sub.4 ' and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel substituted lactones of amino acids in all their possible stereoisomeric forms or mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrocarbon chain of 1 to 10 chain members containing one or more heteroatoms and one or more unsaturations and the chain members being a mono- or polycyclic system or comprises a system of spiro or endo type and may contain one or more chiral atoms or the lactone copula can present a supplementary chirality due to the asymetric spatial configuration of the molecule make up and R is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein Z is the organic remainder of an amino acid of the formula: ##STR3## Y is derived from a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol of the formula Y-OH and B is the remainder of a heterocycle amino acid of 3 to 6 carbon atoms of the formula: ##STR4## and their preparation and their use for the resolution of amino acids.

Abstract: (S) .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl alcohol having the formula ##STR1## and a novel process for its preparation and novel intermediates.

Abstract: Novel sulfonic acid esters containing a lactonic ring comprising compounds in the trans form in the 4- and 5-positions having (4SR, 5RS), (4S, 5R) or (4R, 5S) configuration of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and monocyclic aryl optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen and nitro and R is organic residue of an optionally chiral alcohol of the formula ROH and a process for their preparation and a process using the compounds of formula I to prepare compounds of (1RS, 4RS, 5SR), (1S, 4S, 5R) or (1R, 4R, 5S) configuration of the formula ##STR2## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R. The compounds of V are useful for the preparation of cyclopropane carboxylic acids whose esters are known to be very active insecticides.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of optically active alcohols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated, optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a hydrocarbon ring comprising reacting an ester of an optically active alcohol of the formula ##STR2## wherein A is the organic radical of a chiral carboxylic acid of the formula ##STR3## with a boron halide and reacting the resulting mixture with water to obtain the optically active isomer of the alcohol of formula I with the same configuration of the alcohol moiety of the starting ester in high yields without by-products of known processes.

Abstract: Novel esters in the form of their stereoisomers and mixtures of stereoisomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may both be methyl and when Y.sub.1 is hydrogen, Y.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## and Y.sub.3 and Y.sub.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine and chlorine or the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and when Y.sub.2 is ##STR4## R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## A is selected from the group consisting of ##STR6## and when Y.sub.2 is -CHBr-CCl.sub.2 Br, R.sub.2 is m-phenoxy-phenyl and when R.sub.1 is R.sub.1 ' and Y.sub.

Abstract: Novel (R,S) and (S).alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl esters of cyclopropane carboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 1,2 or 3 and the acid is (IR, trans) or IR, cis) which have excellent pesticidal activity and their preparation.

Abstract: Novel esters in the form of their stereoisomers or mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## X.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromine, X.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, X.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine, each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkylthio of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --CF.sub.

Abstract: Novel imino derivatives of esters of 3-formyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids in their various isomeric forms and mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an organic residue of a primary amine of the formula Z-NH.sub.2 and the acid moiety may have the cis or trans configuration and the alcohol moiety may have the R,S or RS configuration, novel intermediates therefore and a process for the preparation of the corresponding 3-substituted vinyl esters having insecticidal activity.

Abstract: Novel cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromine, X.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, X.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine and R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and benzyl optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkadienyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, methylenedioxy, benzyl and halogens, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic aryl and --CH.sub.2 --C.tbd.CH,R.sub.3 is an aliphatic of 2 to 6 carbon atoms having at least one double bond, R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CN and --C.tbd.CH, R.sub.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of (R) or (S) 2-allyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one comprising reacting a boron halide with an ester of a chiral carboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## where A is organic group of a chiral carboxylic acid and (R) or (S) 2-allyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one and treating the reaction mixture with water to obtain allethrolone with the same configuration of the starting ester in high yields without undesired by-products produced in known methods.

Abstract: Novel alcohols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of carbamoyl and R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ', R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, arylalkyl of 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and --CN and R.sub.3 and R.sub.3 ' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and alkenyl of 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the S form, R form or racemic mixtures thereof whose esters with cyclopropane carboxylic acids have an elevated insecticidal activity and their preparation.

Abstract: (S) .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl alcohol having the formula ##STR1## and a novel process for its preparation and novel intermediates.