Abstract: Nitromethane is preparaed from a nitriding agent comprising an oxygenated nitrogen compound and a carbon compound containing two carbon atoms and at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a methanol reforming process, and apparatus in which the methanol reforming is conducted in at least two stages, with a circulating double passage of the reactant mixture of the first reforming stage inside the residual gas combustion zone. The entire reaction is conducted in adiabatic operating conditions.The process is useful for obtaining gas with a strong hydrogen content.

Abstract: The invention concerns the manufacture of nitromethane by nitration of mene in a homogeneous gaseous phase, the nitrating agent being nitric acid, nitrogen peroxide or mixtures thereof. According to the disclosed process, the molar ratio methane/nitrating agent is between 0.1 and 5; the reaction contact time between 0.1 and 120 seconds; the reaction pressure between 1 and 35 bars; the temperature between 270.degree. and 600.degree. C. The nitration is carried out in the presence of an active agent of the halogen or derivative type introduced in a molar ratio at the most equal to 3. An installation is disclosed for industrially manufacturing nitromethane.

Abstract: A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.

Abstract: A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.

Abstract: Nitroparaffins are made in the homogeneous gaseous phase by nitration of ethane, performed in the presence of an active agent carrying an NO or NO.sub.2 group that is easily transferable. The process is applicable particularly to making nitromethane with high yields.

Abstract: A process making nitroparaffins comprises a nitration reaction in the gass phase, under pressure, in a closed loop with recycling of the products that have not reacted, with continuous deconcentration purge and continuous input of hydrocarbon and nitrating agent. The process is applicable to nitration of saturated hydrocarbon less than C.sub.5, above or in mixture.

Abstract: Nitroparaffins are made by nitration in the gaseous phase under pressure, ssibly in the presence of a gas containing oxygen. The reagent to be nitrated is a mixture containing a substantial amount of propane, the reaction temperature and pressure, the contact time and the quantitative ratios between the nitrating agent, the mixture to be nitrated and the oxygenated gas being selected so that the nitration reaction is conducted in a homogeneous gaseous phase. The process makes it possible to obtain a percentage of different nitroparaffins in response to industrial demand and further to use the cheapest raw materials at a given moment.

Abstract: Gaseous effluents polluted by nitrogen oxides are purified by catalytic reduction. The catalytic compositions used contain iron and chromium associated with alumina and optionally at least a promoter selected from rare earth oxides with a content between 0.1 and 1% in relation to the active material and crude platinum metals with a content between 1 and 5 ppm in relation to the active material, the specific surface of the compositions being between 50 and 300 m.sup.2 /g and the dimensions of the pores between 40 and 50,000 A. These compositions are applicable for processes of purification of nitrogen oxides with any content.

Abstract: This invention relates to the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. The catalytic compounds are complex catalysts with limited porosities, with specific surface areas between 0.02 and 2 m2/g, containing an active material bonded by ceramic-type bonds to the elements of a refractory carrier made of refractory oxides such as magnesia, zirconia, silica.Such compounds are suitable for the oxidation of ammonia over fixed beds or fluidized beds.