Abstract: An integrated boiler-dryer consisting in a sealable vessel capable of sustaining high humidity and variable gas pressures and into which is placed a lignocellulosic material, and a compound in mist form. The sealable vessel provides dry heat so as to dry the lignocellulosic material while the compound is impregnated within the lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: A method for heat treating lignocellulosic material with a water-soluble preservative, such as preferably borate, involves the modification of the lignocellulosic material by heat to a moisture content of 0 to 5%, and preferably as close as possible to 0%. The thermo-treatment of the lignocellulosic material drives out not only free extra cellular water but also the intercellular and intracellular water. The process of modification by heat effectively kills the cells, permanently altering their cellular structure, and locking or fixing the preservative in the lignocellulosic material so that the water-soluble preservative does not leach out of the treated lignocellulosic material in the presence of rain water.

Abstract: There is provided a method for treating preservative-treated wood such that the preservative is substantially prevented from leaching. The treatment comprises drying of the preservative-treated wood until the moisture content of the wood is below a level capable of supporting the diffusion of the preservative.

Abstract: A method for heat treating lignocellulosic material with a water-soluble preservative, such as preferably borate, involves the modification of the lignocellulosic material by heat to a moisture content of 0 to 5%, and preferably as close as possible to 0%. The thermo-treatment of the lignocellulosic material drives out not only free extra cellular water but also the intercellular and intracellular water. The process of modification by heat effectively kills the cells, permanently altering their cellular structure, and locking or fixing the preservative in the lignocellulosic material so that the water-soluble preservative does not leach out of the treated lignocellulosic material in the presence of rain water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for detecting the injection into an internal combustion engine, and in particular a diesel engine, comprising an injection pump, by means of an injector and at least one length of connecting tubing between the pump and the injector, this apparatus comprising means for detecting the transverse deformation of the connecting tubing under the pressure of the injected fuel.The detection means are disposed between gripper means for firmly locking the connecting tubing at two non-contiguous zones, and are carried by these gripper means in such a way that the sensitive parts of the detection means are applied, in the operative position of the apparatus, at least to the central part of the tubing between these two zones.

Abstract: The frost detecting device disclosed herein is adapted to be used in a refrigeration apparatus of the type having refrigerant-carrying coils equipped with fins. The device includes a support to be fixedly mounted to the fins, infrared radiation emitting means mounted to the support, radiation sensitive means also mounted to the support in spaced coaxial relationship with the emitting means, and control circuit means electrically connected to the emitting means and to the sensitive means for detecting an unacceptable amount of frost on the fins to then actuate a defrosting system associated with the refrigeration apparatus.