Abstract: A memory device may include a non-volatile memory and non-volatile RAM. The non-volatile memory may include a data block and a metadata block. Metadata information with respect to the data block may be included in the metadata block. A portion of metadata with respect to the data block or the metadata with respect to the metadata block may be stored in the non-volatile RAM.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first controller and a second controller. The first controller receives a first command from a host and stores the first command in a first command queue, and transmits the first command to the second controller relating to the first command stored in the first command queue. The second controller transmits the first command stored in the second command queue to a flash memory.

Abstract: An apparatus for managing memory in a real-time embedded system and a method of allocating, deallocating and managing memory in a real-time embedded system. The apparatus includes a defragmentation unit performing a defragmentation task according to a predetermined priority to collect together memory fragments, and a memory manager allocating or deallocating a predetermined area of memory upon request of a task, and calculating a memory fragmentation rate of the memory to determine a priority of the defragmentation task. The method of managing memory in a real-time embedded system includes determining whether the conditions under which the memory is used vary, and if the condition vary, calculating a memory fragmentation rate of the memory to determine a priority of the defragmentation task according to the memory fragmentation rate.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for managing events in a virtual world. The apparatus includes: an event detecting unit monitoring a virtual world and detecting an event which occurs in the virtual world; a snapshot managing unit generating snapshots of developments of the event; and a control unit providing each of the generated snapshots in real time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting errors in an application software of an embedded system are provided. The method of detecting errors in an application software includes determining a development language of the application software and an operating system on which the application software is executed; replacing an error detection syntax inserted in order to examine an error in a predetermined function of the application software, with an error detection syntax according to the result of the determination; and performing exception handling for an error occurring in the function according to the result of the replacement, and logging error information according to the exception handling. According to the method and apparatus, an error can be automatically detected and logged irrespective of a development language and an operating system.

Abstract: Provided is a method of managing memory in a multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC). According to an aspect of the present invention, locality of memory can be reflected and restricted memory resources can be efficiently used by determining a storage location of a variable or a function which corresponds to a symbol with reference to a symbol table based on memory access frequency of the variable or the function, comparing the determined storage location and a previous storage location, and copying the variable or the function stored in the previous storage location to the determined storage location if the determined storage location is different from the previous storage location.

Abstract: A scheduling method, medium and apparatus are provided. In the scheduling method, medium and apparatus, it is possible to prevent the possibility that the order between the priorities of the tasks represented by the expired timers and the tasks requested by the interrupt is reversed while also not deteriorating the performance of a real time operating system (RTOS), even though the number of timers expired when the interrupt occurs or that are already expired before the interrupt occurs is large, by selecting a timer for representing a point of time corresponding to a point of time when an interrupt occurs from among one or more timers each of which representing a task, a point of time assigned to the tasks, and a priority assigned to the task and executing a task represented by the selected timer and one or more tasks requested by the interrupt in order of priority.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for preventing a stack overflow in an embedded system. The method of preventing a stack overflow includes: reading a maximum stack usage of at least one function for executing a requested operation from maximum stack usages of functions provided from a kernel, which are stored in advance; and processing the requested operation on the basis of the read maximum stack usage of the at least one function and a size of a usable region in a stack for the requested operation. Accordingly, the stack overflow can be prevented without generating a run-time overhead.

Abstract: A method and apparatus transmitting and receiving in a real-time system are disclosed. The method of transmitting in a real-time system includes scheduling a task included in a socket based on a predetermined transmission option designated to the socket, and transmitting a packet generated by the scheduled task based on the predetermined transmission option, so that real-time communications of a network communication can be secured and resources of the system can be efficiently used, thereby, transmitting and receiving data according to the required characteristics of transmission and reception.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a memory are provided. It is possible to rapidly recover the area allocated or desired to be returned by easily recognizing a range of the area allocated or desired to be returned over the entire area of the memory by recognizing an original area of a predetermined memory chunk interrupted by a neighboring memory chunk among a series of memory chunks that make up the memory by considering an original area of the neighboring memory chunk and by recovering the predetermined memory chunk and the recognized area to their original areas, when the area allocated to or returned by an application program is interrupted.

Abstract: The present invention relates a process of quality examining for microarray of biological material. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a process of quality examining for microarray of biological material, which comprises 1) a step for mixing probe and a compound which emits light or heat and does not react with said probe, 2) a step for microarraying the mixture obtained in step 1) on a substrate, and 3) a step for measuring light or heat emitted by the scanning of each spots of the microarray mixture.

Abstract: Provided are a multitasking method and apparatus. By continuously maintaining the intrinsic information of each peripheral processing unit of when a process-centered task is stopped, when a reconfigurable array stops executing the process-centered task and executes a different process-centered task, by stopping executing a control-centered task and executing a reconfiguration task, only when the reconfigurable array receives an execution request of the reconfiguration task while the reconfigurable array is performing the control-centered task, or by causing a predetermined number of processing units to execute each of a plurality of reconfiguration tasks that are to be simultaneously executed by the reconfigurable array, wherein the predetermined number of processing units is set in consideration of an expected data processing amount required for the reconfiguration task, the reconfigurable array can more quickly complete execution of multitasking.

Abstract: A kernel-aware debugging system, medium, and method. The kernel-aware debugging system may include a kernel-aware debugging interface including a conditional breakpoint setting unit which sets a kernel-aware conditional breakpoint by checking a currently operating object inside a kernel of a target system when a central processing unit (CPU) of the target system stops operating at a particular position where the breakpoint is set and making the CPU proceed to operate when it is determined that it is not intended that the currently operating object be debugged. Moreover, the kernel-aware debugging interface may include a unit which stores control flow information for detecting faults due to asynchronous events, a profiling unit which collects profile information and allows back-tracing when faults occur, and a unit which debugs a synchronization problem between multitasks.

Abstract: A context switch method capable of promptly switching a context for a dynamically generated task and a dynamic link by converting a state of multiple register files, switching the context, and separately restoring and storing the context. That is, the context switch method includes: maintaining a multiple register files; establishing the multiple register to be in any one of a prefetch state, a current state, and a store state; converting a state of the multiple register files to be in any one of the prefetch state, the current state, and the store state when a context switch occurs; wherein, in the prefetch state, determining a memory address to read a next task context to be subsequently performed by the register file, in the current state, performing a task with the task context of the register file and in the store state, storing the register file in a memory.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus to effectively handle an interrupt in a reconfigurable array. In the method, the reconfigurable array pauses execution of an operation when an interrupt request occurs, and after storing register values of a register to be used for handling the interrupt request, an interrupt service is performed by select processing units of the reconfigurable array in response to the interrupt request. Upon completion of the interrupt service, the register values are restored, and the reconfigurable array resumes execution of the operation.

Abstract: A method, medium and apparatus for storing and restoring a register context for a fast context switching between tasks is disclosed. The method, medium and apparatus may improve overall operating speed of a system by increasing the speed of context switching. The method may include adding an update code for updating information of live registers to a task file that includes a code of a task to perform a specified function, converting the task file having the update code added thereto into a run file, updating the information of the live registers with the update code during running of the task using the run file, and storing a live register context according to the updated information of the registers.

Abstract: A method of reducing a code size of a program by controlling a control flow of the program using software in a computer system is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates a process of quality examining for microarray of biological material. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a process of quality examining for microarray of biological material, which comprises 1) a step for mixing probe and a compound which emits light or heat and does not react with said probe, 2) a step for microarraying the mixture obtained in step 1) on a substrate, and 3) a step for measuring light or heat emitted by the scanning of each spots of the microarray mixture.