Abstract: Provided are an optical device which is capable of optically implementing an activation function of an artificial neural network and an optical neural network apparatus which includes the optical device. The optical device may include: a beam splitter splitting incident light into first light and second light; an image sensor disposed to sense the first light; an optical shutter configured to transmit or block the second light; and a controller controlling operations of the optical shutter, based on an intensity of the first light measured by the image sensor.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source configured to emit first light in a first wavelength range and second light in a second wavelength range, a beam divider configured to allow the first light to travel in a first direction, and receive the second light, and allow the second light to travel in a second direction different from the first direction, a first optical modulator configured to receive the first light, and modulate a phase of the first light received by the first optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the first light received by the first optical modulator, and a second optical modulator configured to receive the second light, and modulate a phase of the second light received by the second optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the second light received by the second optical modulator.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device which is capable of optically implementing an activation function of an artificial neural network and an optical neural network apparatus which includes the optical device. The optical device may include: a beam splitter splitting incident light into first light and second light; an image sensor disposed to sense the first light; an optical shutter configured to transmit or block the second light; and a controller controlling operations of the optical shutter, based on an intensity of the first light measured by the image sensor.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device which is capable of optically implementing an activation function of an artificial neural network and an optical neural network apparatus which includes the optical device. The optical device may include: a beam splitter splitting incident light into first light and second light; an image sensor disposed to sense the first light; an optical shutter configured to transmit or block the second light; and a controller controlling operations of the optical shutter, based on an intensity of the first light measured by the image sensor.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source configured to emit first light in a first wavelength range and second light in a second wavelength range, a beam divider configured to allow the first light to travel in a first direction, and receive the second light, and allow the second light to travel in a second direction different from the first direction, a first optical modulator configured to receive the first light, and modulate a phase of the first light received by the first optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the first light received by the first optical modulator, and a second optical modulator configured to receive the second light, and modulate a phase of the second light received by the second optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the second light received by the second optical modulator.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source configured to emit first light in a first wavelength range and second light in a second wavelength range, a beam divider configured to allow the first light to travel in a first direction, and receive the second light, and allow the second light to travel in a second direction different from the first direction, a first optical modulator configured to receive the first light, and modulate a phase of the first light received by the first optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the first light received by the first optical modulator, and a second optical modulator configured to receive the second light, and modulate a phase of the second light received by the second optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the second light received by the second optical modulator.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device which is capable of optically implementing an activation function of an artificial neural network and an optical neural network apparatus which includes the optical device. The optical device may include: a beam splitter splitting incident light into first light and second light; an image sensor disposed to sense the first light; an optical shutter configured to transmit or block the second light; and a controller controlling operations of the optical shutter, based on an intensity of the first light measured by the image sensor.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source configured to emit first light in a first wavelength range and second light in a second wavelength range, a beam divider configured to allow the first light to travel in a first direction, and receive the second light, and allow the second light to travel in a second direction different from the first direction, a first optical modulator configured to receive the first light, and modulate a phase of the first light received by the first optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the first light received by the first optical modulator, and a second optical modulator configured to receive the second light, and modulate a phase of the second light received by the second optical modulator to change a travelling direction of the second light received by the second optical modulator.

Abstract: An in-situ coin cell includes a case, a cap coupled to the case, and an energy storage member disposed between the case and the cap, where a through hole is defined in at least one of the case and the cap, the energy storage member includes a current collector adjacent to the through hole, and another through hole is defined in the current collector. The in-situ coin cell may further include a transparent window between the current collector and at least one of the through holes.

Abstract: An in-situ coin cell includes a case, a cap coupled to the case, and an energy storage member disposed between the case and the cap, where a through hole is defined in at least one of the case and the cap, the energy storage member includes a current collector adjacent to the through hole, and another through hole is defined in the current collector. The in-situ coin cell may further include a transparent window between the current collector and at least one of the through holes.

Abstract: The hydraulic control system is used in automatic transmissions having a plurality of friction elements associated with respective transmission speeds; a hydraulic fluid source; a line pressure controller for regulating hydraulic pressure supplied from the fluid source to line pressure; a range controller for selectively supplying hydraulic pressure from the line pressure control device; a shift controller for supplying hydraulic pressure from the range controller to lines corresponding to the respective transmission speeds by control of a transmission control unit; a hydraulic pressure controller for converting hydraulic pressure from the range controller to operational pressure operating the friction elements; and a hydraulic pressure distributor for determining a hydraulic flow path corresponding to the respective transmission speeds according to the hydraulic pressure from the shift controller, and for distributing the operational pressure to each friction element in accordance with that determination.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic control system for automatic transmissions including a plurality of friction elements, comprising a hydraulic pressure source; hydraulic pressure regulating parts for controlling hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure source; damper clutch control parts for actuating a damper clutch of the torque converter by supplying hydraulic pressure fed from the pressure regulating parts to the torque converter; shift control parts for selecting a shift mode by converting hydraulic pressure from the pressure regulating parts into drive pressure; hydraulic pressure control parts for controlling the drive pressure from the shift control parts; and hydraulic pressure distributing parts for suitably distributing hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure control parts to each friction element, said hydraulic pressure distributing parts comprising a 1-2 shift valve; a 2-3/4-3 shift valve; and shift timing control parts having a shift timing control valve for supplying hydraulic pressure to

Abstract: The hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission having a plurality of friction elements includes a pressure regulator which regulates hydraulic pressure produced by an oil pump, a plurality of valves selectively supplying hydraulic pressure to the plurality of friction elements, and a pressure controller controlling and selectively supplying hydraulic pressure to a plurality of pressure control lines operationally connected to the plurality of valves and at least one of the plurality of valves. The plurality of valves include a first valve operationally controlled by hydraulic pressure in a first one of the pressure control lines to pass the hydraulic pressure output by the pressure controller to at least one of the plurality of friction elements in each operational range except a first speed stage of a drive range.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission including a plurality of frictional elements associated with respective transmission speeds. The hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic fluid source, a line pressure/reducing pressure producer, a shift controller for controlling a shift mode, a hydraulic controller for converting line pressure fed from the shift controller into duty-controlled drive pressure or duty-controlled reverse pressure to improve shift quality and responsiveness, and a pressure distributer for selectively distributing line pressure from the shift controller and duty-controlled drive or reverse pressure from the pressure controller to each frictional element for each speed ratio while being controlled by line pressure from the shift controller.