Abstract: A video decoding apparatus decodes a sequence of one or more pictures in the unit of blocks which are split from each picture. The apparatus comprising a decoder configured to reconstruct, from a bitstream, a current motion vector difference of the current block among the blocks which belong to the sequence of one or more pictures, and an image decoder configured to predict and decode the current block using the motion vector of the current block. When the current motion vector difference of the current block is zero, the resolution of the current motion vector difference of the current block is set to the ¼ pixel precision without the information on the motion vector resolution extracted.

Abstract: A droplet analysis unit capable of measuring and digitizing the meniscus shape, motion, and position of ink droplets and a substrate treatment apparatus including the droplet analysis unit are provided. The substrate treatment apparatus includes: a process treatment unit supporting a substrate while the substrate is being treated; an inkjet head unit treating the substrate by ejecting a substrate treatment liquid onto the substrate using a plurality of nozzles; a gantry unit moving the inkjet head unit over the substrate; and a droplet analysis unit measuring a meniscus in each of the nozzles that is associated with the substrate treatment liquid, wherein the droplet analysis unit measures and quantifies three-dimensional (3D) information regarding the meniscus based on chromatic aberration.

Abstract: A maintenance assembly for an inkjet head may include a housing having an upper face facing a nozzle face on which nozzles for discharging a chemical liquid on a substrate are arranged, and an atmosphere generating part for providing an atmosphere including humidity around the nozzles and the nozzle face such that a humidity of the nozzles and a humidity of the nozzle face are adjusted to a set humidity if the humidity of the nozzles and the humidity of the nozzle face are different from the set humidity.

Abstract: A maintenance assembly for an inkjet head may include a housing having an upper face facing a nozzle face on which nozzles for discharging a chemical liquid on a substrate are arranged, and a fluid supplying part for providing a humidity control fluid onto the nozzles and the nozzle face such that a humidity of the nozzles and a humidity of the nozzle face are adjusted to a set humidity if the humidity of the nozzles and the humidity of the nozzle face are different from the set humidity.

Abstract: An inkjet head management apparatus for managing a humidity of an inkjet head including nozzles for ejecting droplets in an inkjet manner includes a housing having an opening on at least one surface thereof, a closer for opening or closing the opening of the housing, and a dehumidifier disposed in the housing to provide a dehumidifying atmosphere toward the opening when the opening is opened.

Abstract: Provided are a head life evaluation apparatus and method capable of evaluating lifespans of nozzles by using a plurality of chambers having different environments, the head life evaluation apparatus including a head block including at least one first nozzle for ejecting a treatment liquid in an inkjet manner, and a chamber block detachably coupled to the head block and including at least one first chamber corresponding to the first nozzle to evaluate a lifespan of the first nozzle in a first environment.

Abstract: A portable refrigerator is configured to be accommodated in a first cooling space of a main refrigerator and defines a second cooling space independent of the first cooling space. The portable refrigerator includes a case that defines an opening, a drawer configured to be inserted into and drawn out from the case through the opening of the case and configured to, based on being inserted into the case, cover the opening and the second cooling space, a temperature control part configured to control a temperature of the second cooling space, a power supply configured to be selectively connected to external power or indirect power, where the indirect power is supplied through the main refrigerator.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body defining a first cooling space, a door configured to open and close the first cooling space of the main body, a first heat pump module disposed in the main body and configured to cool the first cooling space, an independent refrigerator that is detachably disposed in the first cooling space and defines a second cooling space separate from the first cooling space, a second heat pump module disposed in the independent refrigerator and configured to cool the second cooling space of the independent refrigerator, a main body power supply part that is disposed in the main body and configured to supply power, and an independent power supply part disposed in the independent refrigerator.

Abstract: Provided are a fringe information measuring apparatus that measures information on a fringe region using a temperature sensor array and a substrate treating system including the same. The fringe information measuring apparatus comprises: a laser sensor configured to output a first laser light and a second laser light to intersect each other; a thermal sensor array configured to pass through a fringe region formed by the intersection of the first laser light and the second laser light; and a control module configured to measure a position of the fringe region based on information obtained when the thermal sensor array passes through the fringe region.

Abstract: A meniscus measuring method capable of quickly and accurately measuring meniscus positions in a plurality of nozzles of an inkjet head can be provided. The meniscus measuring method comprises providing a head unit capable of discharging ink through a plurality of nozzles, adhering ink remaining in the plurality of nozzles to a film to form a detection pattern on the film by bringing the film into close contact with the plurality of nozzles, measuring meniscus of ink remaining in the plurality of nozzles based on the detection pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to support visible and audible communications using various multimedia services are provided. A method to provide communications using a multimedia service in a server of a communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a voice call connection request for a second device from a first device. The method also includes providing the first device with visual multimedia information generated in advance, over a web network in relation to the second device. The method further includes connecting a voice call between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for operating a server apparatus for providing a composite Automatic Response System (ARS) service through a mobile communication network. An ARS scenario and composite ARS related information are received from a first terminal. The composite ARS related information includes video ARS related information and voice ARS related information based on the ARS scenario. The ARS scenario and the composite ARS related information are stored. A call establishment request message directed to the first terminal, is received from the second terminal. The composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal in response to the received call establishment request message. A call is established between the first terminal and the second terminal in response to an input for a call connection request, directed to the first terminal, received while the composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for operating a server apparatus for providing a composite Automatic Response System (ARS) service through a mobile communication network. An ARS scenario and composite ARS related information are received from a first terminal. The composite ARS related information includes video ARS related information and voice ARS related information based on the ARS scenario. The ARS scenario and the composite ARS related information are stored. A call establishment request message directed to the first terminal, is received from the second terminal. The composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal in response to the received call establishment request message. A call is established between the first terminal and the second terminal in response to an input for a call connection request, directed to the first terminal, received while the composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to support visible and audible communications using various multimedia services are provided. A method to provide communications using a multimedia service in a server of a communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a voice call connection request for a second device from a first device. The method also includes providing the first device with visual multimedia information generated in advance, over a web network in relation to the second device. The method further includes connecting a voice call between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a street lamp control system, which cuts off power sources only around an abnormal street lamp where an electric leakage or dangerous situation occurs and allows the rest street lamps to be kept being turned on. The street lamp control system is positioned in a region divided by a plurality of areas where a predetermined number of street lamps are installed. A distribution panel is installed in each center of the areas, and includes two power source control switching circuits for controlling right and left power sources of the corresponding areas. The power source control switching circuit of the corresponding distribution panel turns off the right and left street lamps including the corresponding street lamp when an abnormal state is sensed on a specific street lamp of a specific area, and a power is supplied to the right and left street lamps to be turned on excluding the abnormal street lamp.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a suction inlet provided at a main body and a cover hinge-coupled to the main body to cover a dust collection chamber included in the main body. A locking unit is disposed around the suction inlet in order to releasably lock the cover. Further, the vacuum cleaner may include a pivot link for rotatably connecting the cover and the main body. With the pivot link, the cover and the main body are rotatable about two different hinge axes.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a main body, a motor assembly installed at the main body, the motor assembly including a motor for generating a suction force, an exhaust filter for filtering fine foreign substances from air passing through the motor assembly, and a guide member for guide a portion of air going via the exhaust filter to the inside of the main body. The guide member has a horizontal guide member and a vertical guide member for guiding portions of air passing through the exhaust filter to the side and the top of the main body respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is a street lamp control system, which cuts off power sources only around an abnormal street lamp where an electric leakage or dangerous situation occurs and allows the rest street lamps to be kept being turned on. The street lamp control system is positioned in a region divided by a plurality of areas where a predetermined number of street lamps are installed. A distribution panel is installed in each center of the areas, and includes two power source control switching circuits for controlling right and left power sources of the corresponding areas. The power source control switching circuit of the corresponding distribution panel turns off the right and left street lamps including the corresponding street lamp when an abnormal state is sensed on a specific street lamp of a specific area, and a power is supplied to the right and left street lamps to be turned on excluding the abnormal street lamp.

Abstract: A method for performing a hard hand-off between service areas in a cellular mobile communication system is provided. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention includes the steps of setting an area of services covered with a frequency assignment (FA) unavailable to adjacent stations to be a boundary cell, entering into the set boundary cell by a mobile communication terminal during communication, and searching FAs of adjacent stations excluding the base station currently engaged in communication with said mobile communication terminal so as to determine a target FA, with which the mobile communication terminal is to perform a hard hand-off. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention can prevent deterioration of call qualities caused by unnecessary hard hand-offs, and reduce the load on a system.

Abstract: An versatile vacuum cleaner is disclosed which comprises a main body, a socket, a first cleaner, a second cleaner, a motor assembly, a cord reel, a handle, and an exhaust duct, and can be converted easily into different configurations each suitable for a specifically different type of vacuum cleaning operation. Improvements are made in details such as the arrangement or the configuration of the main body, the socket, the first cleaner, the second cleaner, the cord reel, the handle, and exhaust duct, thereby improving the operability of the vacuum cleaner and improving the performance thereof.