Abstract: Embodiments relate to laser welding methods, monitoring methods, and monitoring systems for a secondary battery. A laser welding method for a secondary battery includes performing laser welding on a positive electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of positive electrode base tabs are formed at a side, a negative electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of negative electrode base tabs are formed at a side, and a thin-film multi-tab to be joined to each of the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base, a welded portion in which the multi-tab is welded with the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base being melting-joined by using a laser such that a plurality of welding spots is formed on the welded portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gap prevention structure of a seat rail for a vehicle. The gap prevention structure includes: a lower rail configured to be fixed to a bottom of a vehicle body and to have a receiving space formed therein; an upper rail configured to have at least a portion thereof received in the receiving space and to slide in a longitudinal direction of the lower rail; a rolling bearing configured to be rotatably coupled to the upper rail and to roll and move in the receiving space in the longitudinal direction of the lower rail; and a gap prevention unit configured to limit rotation of the rolling bearing by pressing the rolling bearing while being inserted between the lower rail and the rolling bearing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lumbar supporting system of a chair and a chair having the same, and an object to be achieved by the present disclosure is to provide a lumbar supporting system of a chair and a chair having the same, which are capable of accurately supporting a user's waist according to the user's body type by adjusting a height and depth of a lumbar pad by using a vertical operating force.

Abstract: A dynamic local function binding apparatus and method are provided. In an application virtualization environment, a terminal may register local services associated with local functions of the terminal, and a remote server may call the serviced local functions to be used while the server is executing an application for the terminal. The local functions may be unique functions of various local devices installed in the terminal. The servicing of the local functions may include creating service descriptions of the functions that are provided by the individual local devices and publishing the service descriptions.

Abstract: A dynamic local function binding apparatus and method are provided. In an application virtualization environment, a terminal may register local services associated with local functions of the terminal, and a remote server may call the serviced local functions to be used while the server is executing an application for the terminal. The local functions may be unique functions of various local devices installed in the terminal. The servicing of the local functions may include creating service descriptions of the functions that are provided by the individual local devices and publishing the service descriptions.

Abstract: A dynamic local function binding apparatus and method are provided. In an application virtualization environment, a terminal may register local services associated with local functions of the terminal, and a remote server may call the serviced local functions to be used while the server is executing an application for the terminal. The local functions may be unique functions of various local devices installed in the terminal. The servicing of the local functions may include creating service descriptions of the functions that are provided by the individual local devices and publishing the service descriptions.

Abstract: A flash memory device resilient to bit errors and a programming method suitable for the flash memory are provided. The flash memory device stores data in a parallel manner in a superpage which is generated by grouping a plurality of physical pages into a logical page. The flash memory device spreads input data using a predetermined spreading code to generate spread data. The spread data is stored on a superpage-by-superpage basis.

Abstract: A method for reducing unnecessary retransmissions due to transmission delays in a wireless network environment, comprising: measuring a packet inter-arrival time with respect to a received data packet; transmitting an acknowledgement packet corresponding to the data packet received at the packet inter-arrival time in excess of a first threshold time when the measured packet inter-arrival time exceeds the first threshold time; and suspending transmission of an acknowledgement packet corresponding to a new data packet when a data packet received after having transmitted the acknowledgement packet is the new data packet that has not previously been received.

Abstract: A dynamic local function binding apparatus and method are provided. In an application virtualization environment, a terminal may register local services associated with local functions of the terminal, and a remote server may call the serviced local functions to be used while the server is executing an application for the terminal. The local functions may be unique functions of various local devices installed in the terminal. The servicing of the local functions may include creating service descriptions of the functions that are provided by the individual local devices and publishing the service descriptions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a welding wire for joining cast iron and stainless steel, having a composition of 0.03 wt % or less of C, 2.0˜3.0 wt % of Si, 12.0˜14.0 wt % of Mn, 7.0˜9.0 wt % of Cr, 45.0˜47.0 wt % of Ni, 0.5˜0.8 wt % of Nb, and 2.0˜3.0 wt % of Mo, with a balance of Fe. Using the welding wire, a weld zone which has no hot cracks and is sound and good can be obtained.

Abstract: A flash memory device resilient to bit errors and a programming method suitable for the flash memory are provided. The flash memory device stores data in a parallel manner in a superpage which is generated by grouping a plurality of physical pages into a logical page. The flash memory device spreads input data using a predetermined spreading code to generate spread data. The spread data is stored on a superpage-by-superpage basis.

Abstract: A wireless network apparatus and a method for controlling the transmission rate of the same, whereby a receiver side is capable of constantly maintaining the full transmission rate by coordinating the maximum number of packets to be sent to the network from a sender side. Further, a wireless network apparatus including a time interval calculating unit to calculate the time intervals of received packets, a receiving mode determining unit to determine a receiving mode to receive packets according to the calculated time intervals, a packet determining unit to calculate a period during which the determined receiving mode is maintained, and a maximum packet determining unit to determine the maximum number of packets which can be sent to the network by a device, according to the number of packets consecutively received during the calculated period.

Abstract: A method of registering a mobile node on a home agent in a mobile IP environment and a mobile IP network system using the same are provided. The method of registering a mobile node on a home agent in a mobile IP environment includes: collecting care-of-addresses of foreign agents of subnets adjacent to a first subnet in which the mobile node currently resides; broadcasting messages containing the collected care-of-addresses when the mobile node moves from the first subnet to a second subnet adjacent to the first subnet; in the foreign agent of the second subnet, receiving the broadcast messages and extracting the care-of-addresses; and in the foreign agent of the second subnet, transmitting the extracted care-of-address to a home agent of the mobile node to register the mobile node on the home agent if one of the extracted care-of-addresses is identical to the care-of-address allocated by the foreign agent of the second subnet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an EGR cooler for a vehicle, which is made of ferrite stainless steel, the ferrite stainless steel including: 0.025˜0.03 wt % of carbon (C), 0.2˜0.8 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.05˜0.8 wt % of manganese (Mn), 0.01˜0.04 wt % of phosphorus (P), 0.01˜0.03 wt % of sulfur (S), 19˜22 wt % of chromium (Cr), 0.2˜0.6 wt % of copper (Cu), 0.25˜0.8 wt % of niobium (Nb) or titanium (Ti), and the balance of iron. A method of manufacturing the EGR cooler for a vehicle includes: heating ferrite stainless steel to a temperature of 1000˜1100° C., maintaining the heated ferrite stainless steel for 30˜60 minutes and then cooling the resulting heated ferrite stainless steel with water; and acid-treating the ferrite stainless steel using an acid solution in which nitric acid and fluoric acid are mixed with distilled water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a welding wire for joining cast iron and stainless steel, having a composition of 0.03 wt % or less of C, 2.0˜3.0 wt % of Si, 12.0˜14.0 wt % of Mn, 7.0˜9.0 wt % of Cr, wt % of Ni, 0.5˜0.8 wt % of Nb, and 2.0˜3.0 wt % of Mo, with a balance of Fe. Using the welding wire, a weld zone which has no hot cracks and is sound and good can be obtained.

Abstract: A wireless network apparatus and a method for controlling the transmission rate of the same, whereby a receiver side is capable of constantly maintaining the full transmission rate by coordinating the maximum number of packets to be sent to the network from a sender side. Further, a wireless network apparatus including a time interval calculating unit to calculate the time intervals of received packets, a receiving mode determining unit to determine a receiving mode to receive packets according to the calculated time intervals, a packet determining unit to calculate a period during which the determined receiving mode is maintained, and a maximum packet determining unit to determine the maximum number of packets which can be sent to the network by a device, according to the number of packets consecutively received during the calculated period.

Abstract: A method of registering a mobile node on a home agent in a mobile IP environment and a mobile IP network system using the same are provided. The method of registering a mobile node on a home agent in a mobile IP environment includes: collecting care-of-addresses of foreign agents of subnets adjacent to a first subnet in which the mobile node currently resides; broadcasting messages containing the collected care-of-addresses when the mobile node moves from the first subnet to a second subnet adjacent to the first subnet; in the foreign agent of the second subnet, receiving the broadcast messages and extracting the care-of-addresses; and in the foreign agent of the second subnet, transmitting the extracted care-of-address to a home agent of the mobile node to register the mobile node on the home agent if one of the extracted care-of-addresses is identical to the care-of-address allocated by the foreign agent of the second subnet.

Abstract: A method for reducing unnecessary retransmissions due to transmission delays in a wireless network environment, comprising: measuring a packet inter-arrival time with respect to a received data packet; transmitting an acknowledgement packet corresponding to the data packet received at the packet inter-arrival time in excess of a first threshold time when the measured packet inter-arrival time exceeds the first threshold time; and suspending transmission of an acknowledgement packet corresponding to a new data packet when a data packet received after having transmitted the acknowledgement packet is the new data packet that has not previously been received.