Abstract: A refrigerator includes a first door that is rotatably provided so as to open/close a storage compartment, a second door that is rotatably provided in the front of the first door so as to open/close the first door, and a door anti-opening unit that prevents or allows opening of the second door depending on whether the first door is opened or closed. The door anti-opening unit prevents the second door from being unintentionally opened when the first door is opened.

Abstract: A cavitation resistant polyurethane composition includes a first solution comprising a urethane prepolymer and a second solution. The urethane prepolymer is synthesized by a polymerization of about 60 to about 70 weight percent of an isocynate compound and about 30 to about 40 weight percent of a polyol. An average functional group number of the isocyanate compound is at least 2. The second solution includes about 90 to about 95 weight percent of a polyol having an average functional group number of at least 4, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a nano-carbon, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a colorant, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a moisture absorbent, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an anti-wear agent, and about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a defoaming agent.

Abstract: A cavitation resistant polyurethane composition includes a first solution comprising a urethane prepolymer and a second solution. The urethane prepolymer is synthesized by a polymerization of about 60 to about 70 weight percent of an isocynate compound and about 30 to about 40 weight percent of a polyol. An average functional group number of the isocyanate compound is at least 2. The second solution includes about 90 to about 95 weight percent of a polyol having an average functional group number of at least 4, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a nano-carbon, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a colorant, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a moisture absorbent, about 1 to about 3 weight percent of an anti-wear agent, and about 1 to about 3 weight percent of a defoaming agent.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pyrrolopyridine derivative represented by the Chemical Formula I, and a racemate or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and relates to an antiviral composition including the same as an active ingredient. The compound of the Chemical Formula I has excellent antiviral activity and selectivity for wild type and resistant HIV-1, and thereby is useful as a therapeutic agent for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a first door that is rotatably provided so as to open/close a storage compartment, a second door that is rotatably provided in the front of the first door so as to open/close the first door, and a door anti-opening unit that prevents or allows opening of the second door depending on whether the first door is opened or closed. The door anti-opening unit prevents the second door from being unintentionally opened when the first door is opened.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel including gate and data line that cross each other; a first control signal generation unit generating a source output enable signal and a first gate output enable signal in synchronization with a data enable signal modulated according to a spread frequency clock signal; a second control signal generation unit starting to count a number of clocks of a fixed-frequency clock signal based on a point of time at which a first state of the source output enable signal ends, and outputting a second gate output enable signal when the counted number of the clocks becomes equal to a reference value; and a gate driving unit controlling an outputting of a gate signal to the gate lines using the second gate output enable signal.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel naphthalenyloxypropenyl derivatives useful for inhibiting the enzyme activity of histone deacetylase, leading effective suppression of cancer cell proliferation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a folding and shape-forming apparatus for a prepreg which includes a vacuum chamber which can generate a vacuum pressure in the inside thereof, an expanding portion disposed inside the vacuum chamber, provided with a prepreg thereon, and expanding because of the vacuum pressure inside the vacuum chamber, a heating portion disposed inside the vacuum chamber for heating the prepreg, a mandrel loaded at a portion of an upper surface of the prepreg, a first pressing portion which is brought into contact with an upper surface of the mandrel to press the mandrel, and a second pressing portion which simultaneously presses both another portion of the upper surface of the prepreg and the expanding portion.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a folding and shape-forming apparatus for a prepreg which includes a vacuum chamber which can generate a vacuum pressure in the inside thereof, an expanding portion disposed inside the vacuum chamber, provided with a prepreg thereon, and expanding because of the vacuum pressure inside the vacuum chamber, a heating portion disposed inside the vacuum chamber for heating the prepreg, a mandrel loaded at a portion of an upper surface of the prepreg, a first pressing portion which is brought into contact with an upper surface of the mandrel to press the mandrel, and a second pressing portion which simultaneously presses both another portion of the upper surface of the prepreg and the expanding portion.

Abstract: Methods of forming devices include forming a first electrically insulating layer having a metal interconnection therein, on a substrate and then forming a first electrically insulating barrier layer on an upper surface of the metal interconnection and on the first electrically insulating layer. The first electrically insulating barrier layer is exposed to a plasma that penetrates the first electrically insulating barrier and removes oxygen from an upper surface of the metal interconnection. The barrier layer may have a thickness in a range from about 5 ? to about 50 ? and the plasma may be a hydrogen-containing plasma that converts oxygen on the upper surface of the metal interconnection to water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for displaying received data using a separate device that makes a user's receiving terminal, that has received only a unique code of data, transmit the unique code to a separate display device connected to the Internet, and which makes the display device access a server, in which the data is stored, and display the data corresponding to the unique code. The apparatus displays received data using a code generation unit for generating a first unique code that matches metadata received from a data server that stores the data and the metadata, a first communication unit for transmitting the first unique code to a receiving terminal, and a second communication unit for receiving a second unique code from a display device and transmitting the stored metadata that matches the first unique code to the display device if the first unique code corresponds to the second unique code.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit device having electrical interconnects include forming an electrically insulating layer on a substrate and forming a hard mask on the electrically insulating layer. The hard mask and the electrically insulating layer are selectively etched in sequence using a mask to define an opening therein. This opening, which may be a via hole, exposes inner sidewalls of the hard mask and the electrically insulating layer. The inner sidewall of the hard mask is then recessed relative to the inner sidewall of the electrically insulating layer and a sacrificial reaction layer is formed on the inner sidewall of the electrically insulating layer. This reaction layer operates to recess the inner sidewall of the electrically insulating layer. The reaction layer is then removed to define a wider opening having relatively uniform sidewalls. This wider opening is then filled with an electrical interconnect.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel naphthalenyloxypropenyl derivatives useful for inhibiting the enzyme activity of histone deacetylase, leading effective suppression of cancer cell proliferation.

Abstract: A 2-arylmethylazetidine carbapenem derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof exhibits a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and excellent antibacterial activities against resistant bacteria such as methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and quinolone-resistant strains (QRS):

Abstract: Methods for forming an interconnection line and interconnection line structures are disclosed. The method includes forming an interlayer insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the interlayer insulating layer is formed of a carbon-doped low-k dielectric layer. An oxidation barrier layer is formed on the interlayer insulating layer. An oxide capping layer is formed on the oxidation barrier layer. A via hole is in the oxide capping layer, the oxidation barrier, and the interlayer insulating layer. A conductive layer pattern is formed within the via hole.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method employs multi-step removal on a plurality of different porogens included in a low dielectric layer both before and after metal lines are formed, thereby facilitating formation of an ultra low dielectric constant layer which is used as an insulation layer between metal lines of a semiconductor device. The method may include forming an interlayer dielectric layer on a substrate, forming a plurality of porogens in the interlayer dielectric layer, removing a portion of the plurality of porogens in the interlayer dielectric layer to form a plurality of first pores in the interlayer dielectric layer, forming a wiring pattern where the plurality of first pores are formed, and removing the remaining porogens of the plurality of porogens to form a plurality of second pores in the interlayer dielectric layer.