Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first fin pattern, which includes a first lower pattern and a first upper pattern stacked sequentially on a substrate, the first upper pattern including a first part and second parts respectively disposed on both sides of the first part, a gate electrode, which is formed on the first part to intersect the first fin pattern, and source/drain regions, which are formed on the second parts, respectively. A dopant concentration of the first upper pattern is higher than a dopant concentration of the first lower pattern and a dopant concentration of the substrate, and the dopant concentration of the first lower pattern is different from the dopant concentration of the substrate.

Abstract: Image sensor, fabricating method thereof, and device comprising the image sensor are provided, which comprises a substrate in which a photoelectric transformation device is formed, an interconnection structure formed on the substrate and including multiple intermetal dielectric layers and multiple metal interconnections placed in the multiple intermetal dielectric layers, the interconnection structure defining a cavity aligned corresponding to the photoelectric transformation device, a moisture absorption barrier layer conformally formed on a top of the interconnection structure and in the cavity; and a light guide unit formed on the moisture absorption barrier layer and including light transmittance material filling the cavity, wherein the moisture absorption barrier layer is formed with a uniform thickness on both sides and a bottom of the cavity and on a top surface of the multiple intermetal dielectric layer.

Abstract: Image sensor, fabricating method thereof, and device comprising the image sensor are provided, which comprises a substrate in which a photoelectric transformation device is formed, an interconnection structure formed on the substrate and including multiple intermetal dielectric layers and multiple metal interconnections placed in the multiple intermetal dielectric layers, the interconnection structure defining a cavity aligned corresponding to the photoelectric transformation device, a moisture absorption barrier layer conformally formed on a top of the interconnection structure and in the cavity; and a light guide unit formed on the moisture absorption barrier layer and including light transmittance material filling the cavity, wherein the moisture absorption barrier layer is formed with a uniform thickness on both sides and a bottom of the cavity and on a top surface of the multiple intermetal dielectric layer.

Abstract: A small form-factor security device is provided that may be inserted in series with a telephone line to encrypt dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tones from a telephone to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. A receiving device decrypts the encrypted DTMF tones to receive the original information sent by the telephone. The security device acts as a second factor in a two-factor authentication scheme with a tele-services security server that authenticates the security device.

Abstract: A small form-factor security device is provided that may be inserted in series with a telephone line to encrypt dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tones from a telephone to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. A receiving device decrypts the encrypted DTMF tones to receive the original information sent by the telephone. The security device acts as a second factor in a two-factor authentication scheme with a tele-services security server that authenticates the security device.

Abstract: Another feature provides an efficient encryption method that safeguards the security of encrypted symbols. Each plaintext symbol is encrypted by using a separate pseudorandomly selected translation table. Rather than pre-storing every possible permutation of symbols as translation tables, the translation tables may be efficiently generated on-the-fly based on a pseudorandom number and a symbol shuffling algorithm. A receiving device may similarly generate reverse translation tables on-the-fly to decrypt received encrypted symbols.

Abstract: A multimedia device engaged in wireless transmission of content to a remote display may format graphical user interface content for the remote display. The device may also communicate with a human interface device such as a remote control. The remote control may send control information to the multimedia device to control the remote display.

Abstract: Image sensor, fabricating method thereof, and device comprising the image sensor are provided, which comprises a substrate in which a photoelectric transformation device is formed, an interconnection structure formed on the substrate and including multiple intermetal dielectric layers and multiple metal interconnections placed in the multiple intermetal dielectric layers, the interconnection structure defining a cavity aligned corresponding to the photoelectric transformation device, a moisture absorption barrier layer conformally formed on a top of the interconnection structure and in the cavity; and a light guide unit formed on the moisture absorption barrier layer and including light transmittance material filling the cavity, wherein the moisture absorption barrier layer is formed with a uniform thickness on both sides and a bottom of the cavity and on a top surface of the multiple intermetal dielectric layer.

Abstract: In polymers for an anti-reflective coating, compositions for an anti-reflective coating and methods of forming a pattern of a semiconductor device using the same, the compositions for an anti-reflective coating include a polymer that includes a first repeating unit having a basic side group, a second repeating unit having a light-absorbing group, and a third repeating unit having a cross-linkable group; a photoacid generator; a cross-linking agent; and a solvent. The polymer for the anti-reflective coating, which may have a basic side group chemically bound to a backbone of the polymer, may properly adjust diffusion of an acid in an anti-reflective coating layer to improve the profile of a pattern.

Abstract: Another feature provides an efficient encryption method that safeguards the security of encrypted symbols. Each plaintext symbol is encrypted by using a separate pseudorandomly selected translation table. Rather than pre-storing every possible permutation of symbols as translation tables, the translation tables may be efficiently generated on-the-fly based on a pseudorandom number arid a symbol shuffling algorithm. A receiving device may similarly generate reverse translation tables on-the-fly to decrypt received encrypted symbols.

Abstract: In polymers for an anti-reflective coating, compositions for an anti-reflective coating and methods of forming a pattern of a semiconductor device using the same, the compositions for an anti-reflective coating include a polymer that includes a first repeating unit having a basic side group, a second repeating unit having a light-absorbing group, and a third repeating unit having a cross-linkable group; a photoacid generator; a cross-linking agent; and a solvent. The polymer for the anti-reflective coating, which may have a basic side group chemically bound to a backbone of the polymer, may properly adjust diffusion of an acid in an anti-reflective coating layer to improve the profile of a pattern.

Abstract: A photoresist composition includes about 4% to about 10% by weight of a photoresist resin, about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of a photoacid generator having a sulfonium-salt cationic group and a sulfonium-salt anionic group containing a carboxyl group as a hydrophilic site and a remainder of a solvent. The photoresist composition may form a photoresist pattern having a uniform profile.

Abstract: A photoresist composition includes about 4% to about 10% by weight of a photoresist resin, about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of a photoacid generator having a sulfonium-salt cationic group and a sulfonium-salt anionic group containing a carboxyl group as a hydrophilic site and a remainder of a solvent. The photoresist composition may form a photoresist pattern having a uniform profile.

Abstract: A small form-factor security device is provided that may be inserted in series with a telephone line to encrypt dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tones from a telephone to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. A receiving device decrypts the encrypted DTMF tones to receive the original information sent by the telephone. The security device acts as a second factor in a two-factor authentication scheme with a tele-services security server that authenticates the security device.