Abstract: An inhaler includes a housing having one surface, the other surface opposite to the one surface, and a plurality of side surfaces connecting the one surface and the other surface, a mouthpiece which is disposed on the one side of the housing, a reservoir which is disposed inside the housing and stores an inhalable composition, a nozzle which extends from the mouthpiece to the reservoir, and a needle valve which is movably disposed inside the nozzle, when a suction force is not applied to the mouthpiece, the needle valve is maintained in a first state in which the nozzle is closed, and when a suction force is applied through the mouthpiece, the needle valve is switched into a second state in which the nozzle is opened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery cell and a battery module comprising the same, and relates, particularly, to a direct water-cooling battery cell and a direct water-cooling battery module comprising the same. According to the present invention, the corrosion resistance of the battery cell can be improved by using a sacrificial metal having a higher metal ionization tendency than that of a battery cell case, and the heat of the battery cell can be cooled by using general cooling water for vehicles.

Abstract: A direct water-cooling battery cell is capable of directly cooling heat generated in a battery cell by using non-insulated low-cost general cooling water, rather than insulated. expensive special cooling water. A direct water-cooling battery module comprising a plurality of the direct water-cooling battery cells is also provided.

Abstract: A battery module according to one example of the present invention includes at least one battery cell having a vent part, and a heat dissipation part disposed to face the vent part of the at least one battery cell to dissipate heat from the battery cell. The heat dissipation part includes a heat dissipation film, one side of which is attached to the battery cell to face the vent part of the battery cell, and a heat dissipation case coupled to the other side opposite to one side of the heat dissipation film to form a cooling flow passage.

Abstract: A battery module for preventing chain ignition comprises a plurality of battery cells having vent parts, a cell frame including a cell seating part having a plurality of seating grooves configured to receive the respective vent parts of the plurality of battery cells, and a first adhesive layer disposed between the vent parts of the battery cells and the seating grooves. The first adhesive layer bonds the battery cells to the cell seating part and two adjacent seating grooves of the cell seating part are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A stereotactic surgery robot according to the present disclosure may include: a rotating unit that is configured to have a surgical instrument that is able to be attached thereto, and is configured to rotate the surgical instrument on at least one of two rotational axes according to an entry posture of the surgical instrument; a moving unit that is configured to move the rotating unit in the direction of at least one of three linear axes according to the position of a surgical target; and a surgical portion support unit that is configured to be connected to the moving unit, and is configured to be detachable with respect to an operating table, wherein the moving unit may move the rotating unit such that an intersection point of the two rotational axes matches the surgical target.

Abstract: A surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, according to the present disclosure, may include: a stereotactic surgery unit to move and rotate a surgical instrument; a controller to receive the first imaging data that represents a three-dimensional image of a surgical portion that includes a surgical target; one or more markers to be attached to, or disposed near, the surgical portion; an imaging unit to create the second imaging data that represents a three-dimensional external image of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit to track the positions and postures of the imaging unit and the markers. The controller may create the coordinate conversion relationships for converting a coordinate from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data into the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit and control the stereotactic surgery unit by using the coordinate conversion relationships above.

Abstract: A surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, according to the present disclosure, may include: a stereotactic surgery unit to move and rotate a surgical instrument; a controller to receive the first imaging data that represents a three-dimensional image of a surgical portion that includes a surgical target; one or more markers to be attached to, or disposed near, the surgical portion; an imaging unit to create the second imaging data that represents a three-dimensional external image of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit to track the positions and postures of the imaging unit and the markers. The controller may create the coordinate conversion relationships for converting a coordinate from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data into the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit and control the stereotactic surgery unit by using the coordinate conversion relationships above.

Abstract: A surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, according to the present disclosure, may include: a stereotactic surgery unit to move and rotate a surgical instrument; a controller to receive the first imaging data that represents a three-dimensional image of a surgical portion that includes a surgical target; one or more markers to be attached to, or disposed near, the surgical portion; an imaging unit to create the second imaging data that represents a three-dimensional external image of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit to track the positions and postures of the imaging unit and the markers. The controller may create the coordinate conversion relationships for converting a coordinate from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data into the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit and control the stereotactic surgery unit by using the coordinate conversion relationships above.

Abstract: A surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, according to the present disclosure, may include: a stereotactic surgery unit to move and rotate a surgical instrument; a controller to receive the first imaging data that represents a three-dimensional image of a surgical portion that includes a surgical target; one or more markers to be attached to, or disposed near, the surgical portion; an imaging unit to create the second imaging data that represents a three-dimensional external image of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit to track the positions and postures of the imaging unit and the markers. The controller may create the coordinate conversion relationships for converting a coordinate from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data into the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit and control the stereotactic surgery unit by using the coordinate conversion relationships above.

Abstract: A stereotactic surgery robot according to the present disclosure may include: a rotating unit that is configured to have a surgical instrument that is able to be attached thereto, and is configured to rotate the surgical instrument on at least one of two rotational axes according to an entry posture of the surgical instrument; a moving unit that is configured to move the rotating unit in the direction of at least one of three linear axes according to the position of a surgical target; and a surgical portion support unit that is configured to be connected to the moving unit, and is configured to be detachable with respect to an operating table, wherein the moving unit may move the rotating unit such that an intersection point of the two rotational axes matches the surgical target.

Abstract: A stereotactic surgery robot according to the present disclosure may include: a rotating unit that is configured to have a surgical instrument that is able to be attached thereto, and is configured to rotate the surgical instrument on at least one of two rotational axes according to an entry posture of the surgical instrument; a moving unit that is configured to move the rotating unit in the direction of at least one of three linear axes according to the position of a surgical target; and a surgical portion support unit that is configured to be connected to the moving unit, and is configured to be detachable with respect to an operating table, wherein the moving unit may move the rotating unit such that an intersection point of the two rotational axes matches the surgical target.

Abstract: A surgical robot system for stereotactic surgery, according to the present disclosure, may include: a stereotactic surgery unit to move and rotate a surgical instrument; a controller to receive the first imaging data that represents a three-dimensional image of a surgical portion that includes a surgical target; one or more markers to be attached to, or disposed near, the surgical portion; an imaging unit to create the second imaging data that represents a three-dimensional external image of the surgical portion; and a tracking unit to track the positions and postures of the imaging unit and the markers. The controller may create the coordinate conversion relationships for converting a coordinate from the first coordinate system of the first imaging data into the fourth coordinate system of the stereotactic surgery unit and control the stereotactic surgery unit by using the coordinate conversion relationships above.

Abstract: A stereotactic surgery robot according to the present disclosure may include: a rotating unit that is configured to have a surgical instrument that is able to be attached thereto, and is configured to rotate the surgical instrument on at least one of two rotational axes according to an entry posture of the surgical instrument; a moving unit that is configured to move the rotating unit in the direction of at least one of three linear axes according to the position of a surgical target; and a surgical portion support unit that is configured to be connected to the moving unit, and is configured to be detachable with respect to an operating table, wherein the moving unit may move the rotating unit such that an intersection point of the two rotational axes matches the surgical target.

Abstract: In order to verify a surgical operation image matching, a model of a target is manufactured. Then, a reference body is attached to the model. Then, three-dimensional reference data regarding to the model is obtained. Then, grid patterned light is emitted onto the model to obtain reflection image. Then, three-dimensional shape is measured from the reflection image, and measurement image is obtained from the three-dimensional shape. Then, the measurement image and previously obtained three-dimensional reference data are matched. Then, reference position of the target in the three-dimensional reference data is compared with estimated position of the target, which is estimated by the reference body in the measurement image. Therefore, the matching of the surgical operation can be verified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assistant robot for spine surgery, including: a surgical tool support provided with a rotating body to which the surgical tool is penetratingly coupled; a handle provided at one side of the surgical tool support; a driving member configured to rotate the rotating body; and a linear guide provided at the other side of the surgical tool support so as to move the surgical tool forward and backward. Accordingly, the surgical tool can smoothly move without vibration when moving forward and backward, and can be automatically rotated with uniform force so as to enable sophisticated surgery.

Abstract: A tracking system and method using the same is disclosed which is capable of minimizing a restriction of surgical space by achieving a lightweight of the system as well as a reduction of a manufacturing cost through calculating a three-dimensional coordinates of each of makers using one image forming unit. In the tracking system and method using the same, lights emitted from the markers are transferred to one image forming unit through two optical paths, an image sensor of the image forming unit forms two images (direct image and reflection image) of the two optical paths of the markers, and therefore, the system and method using the same has an effect of reducing a manufacturing cost of the tracking system with small and lightweight, and relatively low restriction of surgical space comparing with conventional tracking system since it is possible to calculate a spatial position and direction of the markers attached on a target by using one image forming unit.

Abstract: A tracking system and method using the same is disclosed which is capable of minimizing a restriction of surgical space by achieving a lightweight of the system as well as a reduction of a manufacturing cost through calculating a 3-dimensional coordinates for each maker using one image forming unit. In the tracking system and method using the same, lights emitted from each marker are passed through a lens array unit which includes at least a pair of lens, images of the markers corresponding to the number of the lenses of lens array units are formed on an image forming for each marker, and therefore, it is possible to calculate a spatial position and a direction of the markers attached on the target by using only one image forming unit through a trigonometry.

Abstract: A stereo microscope capable of not only adjusting the three dimensional effect of stereoscopic image but also focusing exactly even when the three dimensional effect of stereoscopic image is adjusted, is provided. A spacing distance of a pair of zoom unit can be adjusted so that a user can adjust three dimensional effect of image seen through an ocular lens according to personal tendency to improve convenience. Additionally, an object with a depth such as a hole can be exactly observed without interference of a boundary. Further, even though the three dimensional effect of an image is adjusted by adjusting the spacing distance of the pair of zoom units, the focus of optical system can be exactly adjusted.

Abstract: A tracking system and method using the same is disclosed which is capable of minimizing a restriction of surgical space by achieving a lightweight of the system as well as a reduction of a manufacturing cost through calculating a 3-dimensional coordinates of each of makers using single image forming unit. In the tracking system and method using the same has an effect of reducing a manufacturing cost of the tracking system with small and lightweight, and relatively low restriction of surgical space comparing with conventional tracking system by calculating a spatial position and a direction of the markers attached on a target by using one image forming unit through a trigonometry since a pair of maker images are formed on an image forming unit for each marker by a pair of light sources positioned different to each other.