Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to the present inventive concept includes: a semiconductor substrate; a common source semiconductor layer doped with impurities of a first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of word line structures alternately stacked on the common source semiconductor layer; and a memory cell dielectric layer penetrating the plurality of insulating layers and the plurality of word line structures and covering an internal wall of a channel hole extending in a vertical direction, and a memory cell structure filling the channel hole. The memory cell structure includes a channel layer, which has the memory cell dielectric layer thereon and fills at least a portion of the channel hole, and a drain layer covering an upper surface of the channel layer, doped with impurities of a second conductivity type, and filling some of an upper portion of the channel hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bi-specific antibody that specifically binds to alpha-synuclein and IGF1R, and an use of the bi-specific antibody for the prevention, treatment and/or diagnosis of synucleinopathies associated with alpha-synuclein or alpha-synuclein aggregates, and can allow the alpha-synuclein antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof to penetrate the blood brain barrier to exert its action in the brain, and extend the half-life to maintain the efficacy for a long time.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes first conductive lines stacked in a first direction perpendicular to a top surface of a substrate, second conductive lines extending in the first direction and intersecting the first conductive lines, and memory cells provided at intersection points between the first conductive lines and the second conductive lines, respectively. Each of the memory cells includes a semiconductor pattern parallel to the top surface of the substrate, the semiconductor pattern including a source region having a first conductivity type, a drain region having a second conductivity type, and a channel region between the source region and the drain region, first and second gate electrodes surrounding the channel region of the semiconductor pattern, and a charge storage pattern between the semiconductor pattern and the first and second gate electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel N-(isopropyl-triazolyl)pyridinyl)-heteroaryl-carboxamide derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; a preparation method thereof; and use for preventing or treating an ASK-1 mediated disease comprising the same as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel (isopropyl-triazolyl)pyridinyl-substituted benzooxazinone or benzothiazinone derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a preparation method thereof; and use for preventing or treating an ASK-1 mediated disease comprising the same as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a (6R)-3-hexyl-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one, and a (5R)-2-hexyl-5-hydroxy-3-iminohexadecanoate derivative used in said method as an intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing montelukast, an inhibitor against leukotrienes, and an intermediate used therein. According to the inventive method, high-purity montelukast or its sodium salt can be prepared in a high yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a P2P traffic management apparatus and method. A P2P flow agent monitors an executed application program to extract a P2P application program, adds application identifiers to packets generated by the application program according to a set policy, and transmits the packets. In this case, a P2P security gateway monitors the inflowing packets from the P2P flow agent to extract packets having the application identifiers, uses the extracted application identifiers to inquire and acquire a related policy, and controls the packets according to the acquired policy.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display and an aging method thereof are presented. The method provides the organic light emitting diode display with improved reliability as a progressive dark defect is removed, and the lifetime and the white balance of the organic light emitting diode display is secured by executing an aging treatment of high luminance using a pixel circuit including an aging circuit for supplying the organic light emitting diode with an aging pulse.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a (6R)-3-hexyl-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one, and a (5R)-2-hexyl-5-hydroxy-3-iminohexadecanoate derivative used in said method as an intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing montelukast, an inhibitor against leukotrienes, and an intermediate used therein. According to the inventive method, high-purity montelukast or its sodium salt can be prepared in a high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is (S)-(?)-amlodipine camsylate or a hydrate thereof having good photostability and high solubility, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, which can be efficiently used in treating cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a P2P traffic management apparatus and method. A P2P flow agent monitors an executed application program to extract a P2P application program, adds application identifiers to packets generated by the application program according to a set policy, and transmits the packets. In this case, a P2P security gateway monitors the inflowing packets from the P2P flow agent to extract packets having the application identifiers, uses the extracted application identifiers to inquire and acquire a related policy, and controls the packets according to the acquired policy.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display and an aging method thereof are presented. The method provides the organic light emitting diode display with improved reliability as a progressive dark defect is removed, and the lifetime and the white balance of the organic light emitting diode display is secured by executing an aging treatment of high luminance using a pixel circuit including an aging circuit for supplying the organic light emitting diode with an aging pulse.