Abstract: A method of treating a handover in a bridge-based radio access station backbone network including a plurality of base station bridges each including a two-tiered switch connected with a plurality of radio access stations, a plurality of SCBs (Site Core Bridges) each composed of two-tiered switch for constituting the core network, and an HLR (Home Location Register) for managing the structural information of the network constituents. The SCB stores the terminal information containing the receiving address of the initial terminal registration message and the SCB to delete the terminal information in response to a disconnection message of the terminal caused by handover, to request the SCBs in the terminal end of the old MAC-in-MAC tunnel to delete the tunnel information and the terminal information, and to inform the HLR of initiating the handover to change the registered operational state of the terminal.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a distributed control system includes the steps of: when a sync is received from a master-side, confirming both a reception time point of the corresponding sync and a compensation time point of a previous frequency, and determining if a result obtained by confirming the two time points corresponds to a preset Frequency Compensation Interval (FCI); performing only a time offset compensation operation when the result obtained by confirming the two time points does not correspond to the preset FCI; and performing both time offset and frequency compensation operations when the result obtained by confirming the two time points corresponds to the preset FCI.

Abstract: A Visible Light Communication (VLC) method in a VLC terminal, in which the VLC terminal requests initial access to an Access Point (AP) on a selected mini-slot among a plurality of mini-slots constituting a control slot, based on control information in a frame, sends an association request to the AP on an allocated uplink time slot, if the uplink time slot allocated to correspond to the selected mini-slot exists in control information in a next frame, and transmits data at a data rate appointed to the VLC terminal included in control information in the current frame using an association Identifier (ID) included in a response received in reply to the association request and the allocated uplink time slot.

Abstract: A white balance adjustment method is disclosed, in which a plurality of input pixels are transformed into a digital component color space, a hue region of each of the color-space transformed input pixels is determined, and a transformation matrix is determined according to the determined hue region.

Abstract: A method of displaying a portrait on a display is provided. The method includes determining whether a photographed image is a character-photographed image according to photographing information of the photographed image; executing face detection from the photographed image if it is determined that the photographed image is a character-photographed image; setting a character area in the photographed image according to a result of the face detection; and magnifying and displaying the character area on the display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ensuring QoS in a synchronous Ethernet bridge are disclosed, in which a classifier classifies an ingress packet according to a PHB mapped to a DSCP value of the packet and provides the classified packet to one of a predetermined synchronous packet queue and a predetermined asynchronous packet queue, a buffer queue with a plurality of queues mapped to priority levels buffers the classified packet, a marker marks the buffered packet as a synchronous packet or, if the buffered packet is an asynchronous packet, marks the packet in a predetermined format corresponding to a priority level of the packet, and a synchronous Ethernet scheduler schedules the marked packet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Residential Ethernet node apparatus for maintaining a starting point of a superframe, the Residential Ethernet node apparatus comprising a synchronous queue for receiving and temporarily storing synchronous data, in order to transmit the synchronous data by inserting the synchronous data into a transmission cycle, a parser for receiving asynchronous frames from at least one exterior source, parsing the asynchronous frames according to characteristics of the asynchronous frames, a plurality of the asynchronous queues for separately storing the asynchronous frames received from the parser according to the characteristics of the asynchronous frames, a scheduler for receiving the asynchronous frames from the asynchronous queues, and transmitting the received asynchronous frame when it is possible to transmit the received asynchronous frame, and a multiplexer, which receives a synchronous frame from the synchronous queue and an asynchronous frame from the scheduler so as to transmit the synchronous

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for adjusting a transmission rate of data, in particular a moving picture experts group 2 (MPEG-2) data is disclosed The apparatus includes a receiving buffer for buffering multi program transport stream (MPTS) packets received at various transmission rates, and a packet storage for storing MPEG-2 null packets. A signal processing section reads data buffered in the receiving buffer at a predetermined output transmission rate, wherein the signal processing section stops an operation of reading data buffered in the receiving buffer, and reads and transmits the MPEG-2 null packets stored in the packet storage when a predetermined underflow occurrence forecast situation is caused in the receiving buffer.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array (FPGA) for multiplexing data and enable signals input from a plurality of input ports and outputting the multiplexed signal to one output port is disclosed. The FPGA includes a plurality of memories, which are connected to the input ports, for storing the input data and enable signals, respectively, and outputting one-shot signals at trailing edges of the enable signals; and a finite state machine (FSM) for sequentially reading the data signals stored in the memories in an order of the one-shot signals input from the memories.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for performing time synchronization by using Global Positioning System (GPS) information in a communication system. The apparatus comprises a grand-master node having a GPS receiver, for generating a synchronizing message required to synchronize time on slave nodes by using Time Of Day (TOD) information received from the GPS receiver and at least one slave node for receiving the synchronizing message required to synchronize time from the grand-master node or from another slave node, for carrying out time synchronization operation by using an Offset and Frequency Compensation Clock (OFCC) synchronization process supporting time offset and frequency separation compensation, and for generating a synchronizing message required to synchronize time on other slave nodes.

Abstract: A TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) frame applicable to digital broadcast data transmission in an FTTH (Fiber To The Home) system and a method for transmitting and receiving the TDM frame is disclosed. The TDM frame and methods are applicable to transmit a plurality of digital broadcast data units having different synchronous clocks using a simple format.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for time synchronization (TS) method using GPS information in a communication system synchronizing the time of slave nodes, which do not have a GPS receiver, by using GPS information of a node having a GPS receiver. The method includes the steps of extracting 1PPS, TOD, 1PPS_en, and clocks using GPS signals by a grand master node having a GPS receiver, stabilizing the signals, generating a sync message for TS, and transmitting the sync message to a slave node; receiving the sync message by the slave node and conducting a TS operation using OFCC synchronization technology extracting 1PPS, TOD, and 1PPS_en signals using the modified TOD information by the block and delivering to a stabilization block of the slave node for stabilization; and redelivering to the TS block to update TOD information and generate a sync message for TS of a second slave node.

Abstract: A method of establishing a system delay time and a frame length in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) system includes adjusting time lengths of an uplink (UL) frame, a downlink (DL) frame, a Transmit/receive Transition Gap (TTG), and a Receive/transmit Transition Gap (RTG); a Base Station (BS) transmitting a DL frame and receiving a UL frame; and a Mobile Station (MS) receiving the DL frame and transmitting the UL frame.

Abstract: A fiber to the home FTTH network for convergence of broadcasting and communication is disclosed. The network includes: an OLT for receiving and converting a first predetermined number of broadcast signals and an Ethernet signal into a plurality of converted optical signals, combining the converted optical signals into converged optical signals for subsequent transmission by an optical wavelength division multiplexing method; and an optical network unit (ONU) for classifying the optical signal transmitted from the OLT into the first predetermined number of broadcast signals and the Ethernet signal, switching a second predetermined number of broadcasting signals of the first predetermined number of broadcasting signals according to each SIU by channel selection information contained in upstream Ethernet information, and switching the Ethernet signal to be transmitted to the SIU according to each SIU so as to transmit the switched signal.

Abstract: A method for managing energy in a sensor network environment using a spanning tree includes the steps of collecting amount of remaining energy of nodes at a predetermined cycle by a base station in a region having a number of clusters a number of nodes forming a spanning tree in each cluster; assigning a number of links for connecting the nodes to each cluster; determining a maximum number of allowable links of the nodes; and updating the spanning tree based on the maximum number of allowable links.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring an optical fiber that links a first node and a second node. An apparatus includes: a first transmitting part for outputting a first check light, which is modulated by the first pattern signal, to the optical fiber link. A first receiving part demodulates the second pattern signal from the second check light, which is input by the optical fiber link. A first processor generates the first pattern signal and outputs the first pattern signal to the first transmitting part, and receives the second pattern signal from the first receiving part.

Abstract: A bridge-based cellular Ethernet system and a handover processing method therefore are provided. In the bridge-based cellular Ethernet system, an HLR manages configuration information about network entities, and a plurality of Base Station Bridges (BSBs) are connected to a plurality of Base Stations (BSs), each BSB including a layer 2 switch, and a plurality of SCBs connected to part of the BSBs under the SCBs. Each SCB includes a layer 2 switch forming a core network, and SCB monitors the signal power of a Mobile Node (MN) within its service area, determines whether the MN is to move to another site, selects a new SCB to which the MN is to move, sends necessary path information to associated SCBs and the HLR, for setting of the path information in the associated SCBs and the HLR, and commands a handover to the MN.

Abstract: A signal processing method in a bridge-based RAS backbone network system is provided, in which an MN within a network periodically transmits to an HLR a route-update message for registration updating, if the MN is in active mode and transmits to the HLR a paging-update message having a transmission period longer than that transmission period of the route-update message, for registration updating, if the MN is in idle mode, each of bridges and the HLR stores location information about the MN in a soft state with an age set for the location information in a routing cache according to the route-update message received from the MN, and each of BSBs, SCBs, and an SIB selected from a plurality of SIBs stores location information about the MN in a soft state with an age set for the location information according to the paging-update message received from the MN.

Abstract: A broadcast/communication convergence system and method for transmitting and receiving Ethernet data by an optical network unit (ONU) performing a time division multiplexing (TDM) operation and switching by a network switch. A resultant signal is transmitted to a corresponding subscriber set-top box (SSTB), and data from the SSTB is provided to the network switch. A length of an Ethernet data frame is provided from the network switch, and an encapsulation generates and inserts data length information into an Ethernet data frame, for transmission to the SSTB. The SSTB carries out a TDM operation for a signal transmitted from the ONU, and separates the signal into Ethernet and broadcast data. A framing bit is detected based on a result of the separated signals, the length information is detected. A preamble bit and a start-of-field delimiter (SFD) are inserted into the recognized Ethernet data to recover the original Ethernet data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for adaptively allocating transmission power for beamforming combined with orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) in a distributed wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: a plurality of sub-arrays for beamforming, which are geographically distributed and each of which comprises a plurality of distributed antennas placed in random groups; and a central processing unit for identifying performances of subsets by applying a predetermined power allocation scheme according to subsets which can be obtained by combining the sub-arrays, by means of a Nakagami fading parameter and information about large-scale fading of each of the sub-arrays, fed back from a receiving party, for determining a subset having a best performance as an optimal subset according to the identified performances, and for performing power allocation based on the subset set as the optimal subset.