Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method for high-carbon martensitic stainless steel as used in razorblades, knives and the like, which contains, as percentages by weight, 0.40 to 0.80% carbon and 11 to 16% chromium as main components. Provided is a production method for high-carbon martensitic stainless steel in a strip-casting device, wherein a stainless-steel thin sheet is cast by supplying a stainless molten steel containing, as percentages by weight, 0.40 to 0.80% carbon and from 11 to 16% chromium to a molten steel pool from a tundish via a nozzle, and the cast stainless-steel thin sheet is made into a hot-rolled annealed strip using in-line rollers to a rolling reduction of 5 to 40% immediately just after the casting so that the size of primary carbides within the microstructure of the hot-rolled annealed strip is 10 ?m or less, and also provided is martensitic stainless steel produced by means of the production method.

Abstract: A solid state drive may include one or more memory cell arrays divided into a plurality of blocks. A first portion of the blocks may be designated for storing user data and a second portion of the blocks may be designated as reserved blocks for replacing defective blocks in the first portion. In one embodiment, the method includes reformatting, by a memory controller, the solid state drive to convert one or more blocks in the first portion into reserved blocks.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method includes loading, by a memory controller, a boot image from a solid state drive to an operating memory of a computing system during an initialization operation of the computing system. The initialization operation initializes components of the computing system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes storing, by a status checking module, status information for a solid state drive, and determining a status state of the solid state drive based on the status information. The status state is one of a good state, an intermediate state and a bad state, and the intermediate state is a state between the good state and the bad state.

Abstract: In a method of producing biofuel using brown algae, Bacterium antarctica is used as a hydrolysis catalyst for saccharification to obtain monosaccharides from the brown algae. The saccharification with the hydrolysis catalyst is effective in saccharification of the brown algae.

Abstract: A solid state drive may include one or more memory cell arrays divided into a plurality of blocks. A first portion of the blocks may be designated for storing user data and a second portion of the blocks may be designated as reserved blocks for replacing defective blocks in the first portion. In one embodiment, the method includes reformatting, by a memory controller, the solid state drive to convert one or more blocks in the first portion into reserved blocks.

Abstract: The surgical saw according to the present invention comprises an arm fixed by mounting the rear end portion thereof in a jaw of a handle; and a double saw blade part connected with the front end portion of the arm and having two saw blades arranged side by side in a certain distance. In case that the surgical saw is used in surgeries for cutting off cheek bones, the surgical saw can precisely cut off portions of the cheek bones in a width set in advance by precisely cutting off two positions of the cheek bones in a precise cutting-off length at the same time so that the portions of cheek bones can be conveniently cut off, the periods of time for surgeries can be reduced, and an occurrence frequency of surgery aftereffects due to different cutting-off widths for the left and right cheek bones can be reduced.

Abstract: The surgical saw according to the present invention comprises an arm fixed by mounting the rear end portion thereof in a jaw of a handle; and a double saw blade part connected with the front end portion of the arm and having two saw blades arranged side by side in a certain distance. In case that the surgical saw is used in surgeries for cutting off cheek bones, the surgical saw can precisely cut off portions of the cheek bones in a width set in advance by precisely cutting off two positions of the cheek bones in a precise cutting-off length at the same time so that the portions of cheek bones can be conveniently cut off, the periods of time for surgeries can be reduced, and an occurrence frequency of surgery aftereffects due to different cutting-off widths for the left and right cheek bones can be reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor cleaning apparatus and a method of cleaning a wafer surface using the semiconductor cleaning apparatus are provided. In the semiconductor cleaning apparatus, wastewater is easily treated, the consumption of chemical usage is considerably reduced, and a contaminant removal efficiency on the wafer surface is maximized even at a room temperature or a low temperature by using a mixed chemical solution composed of an aqueous ammonium hydroxide and ozone as a cleaning solution in cleaning the wafer surface. In the method of cleaning the wafer surface, a cleaning solution is formed in a mixing tank by adding ozone to aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The cleaning solution is supplied into a cleaning bath through a filter for removing ozone bubble. Megasonic power is applied to the cleaning solution in the cleaning bath using a megasonic transducer. A wafer dipped in the cleaning solution which is at a room temperature to remove the contaminants on wafer surface.